
Copyright N°_ 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSrr. 






THE McKINLEY NATIONAL 
MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION 

CANTON, OHIO 
1913 



WILLIAM R. DAY P 



MYRON T. HERRICK • • 
FREDERIC S. HARTZELL 



resident 

• Treasurer 

• Secretary 



CHARLES W. FAIRBANKS 
FRANKLIN MURPHY 
WILLIAM McCONWAY 
JOHN G. MILBURN 
ALEXANDER H. REVELL 
ROBERT J. LOWRY 
E. W. BLOOMINGDALE 
GEORGE B. CORTELYOU 
THOMAS DOLAN 
HENRY M. DUFFIELD 



JAMES A. GARY 

ELL TORRANCE 

HENRY T. SCOTT 

HENRY W. HARTER 

HORACE H. LURTON 

CHARLES G. DAWES 

AUSTIN LYNCH 

ROBERT S. SHIELDS 

RALPH S AMBLER 

DAVID R. FRANCIS 










///-. '^//^//.y. //r,,/",/^/ /„ //,//„,„,, //. r .~'4'f',>/s/. 



'/ 



THE 

Nations Memorial 

TO 

William McKinley 

ERECTED AT CANTON, OHIO 



TOGETHER WITH 

AUTHENTIC HISTORICAL DATA 
RELATING TO McKINLEY'S 
LIFE AND PUBLIC SERVICES 

By FREDERIC S. HARTZELL 



PUBLISHED BY 

THE McKINLEY NATIONAL 
MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION 
CANTON, OHIO, U. S. A. 



(o 






copyright 1013 
the Mckinley national 
memorial association 



Designed 

Engraved 

Pbinted 

Mcndlh-Tbomben Press 

Baltimore 



©CI.A343 5 29 



CONTENTS 

Chronological Outline of McKinley's Life 7 

Digest of McKinley's Life and Services - 9 

Notable Events of McKinley's Administration - - - 1,5 

Personal Traits and Noteworthy Incidents ... 19 

The Architect of the Memorial ----- 34 

Description of the Memorial - 35 

The Dedication of the Memorial ----- 55 

The Canton Citizens' Committee - - - - - 81 

The Grand Review -------85 

Financial Statement ------- 93 



ILLUSTRATIONS 



The McKinley Memorial ... facing Title Page 

President McKinley Delivering His Last Address - facing 6 

McKinley Accepting His First Nomination for the 

Presidency .------" 10 

The McKinley Home ------ 18 

William and Ida McKinley - - - - - " 30 

Selecting the Memorial Site ... - 34 

The Memorial from the Plaza ------ 38 

The Niehaus Statue ------ 42 

Interior of the Mausoleum — the Sarcophagi - - " 46 

Entrance to the Mausoleum ... - 48 

Officers and Trustees of The McKinley National 

Memorial Association - - - - " 56 

Dedicating the Memorial ----- 64 

Dedicating the Memorial — Mr. Riley Reading His Poem 72 

A View of the Dome from the West ... 72 




Copyright, 1001, by Frances B. Johnston 

PRESIDENT McKINLEY DELIVERING HIS LAST ADDRESS 



Portrait Prom Which Statue 
at Cantox was Modelled 



A CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINE OF 
McKINLEY'S LIFE 



Born at Niles, Trumbull County, Ohio, January 29, 1843. 

Became a student at the district school at Niles, 1849. 

Removed to Poland, Mahoning County, Ohio, 1852. 

Entered the Union Seminary of Poland, 1852. 

Joined the Methodist Episcopal Church of Poland, 1859. 

Entered Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania, 1860. 

Left college on account of illness and same year taught at the 
Kerr District School near Poland, 1860. 

Assistant Postmaster in the Poland Post Office, 1861. 

Enlisted as a private in Company "E" of the Twenty -third 
Ohio Volunteer Infantry, June 11, 1861. 

Promoted to Commissary Sergeant, April 15, 1862. 

Commissioned Second Lieutenant, September 24, 1862. 

Promoted to First Lieutenant, February 7, 1863. 

Promoted to Captain of Company "G," July 25, 1864. 

First vote for President cast, while on march, for Abraham Lin- 
coln, October 11, 1864. 

Commissioned Major by brevet in the Volunteer United States 
Army by President Lincoln, March 13, 1865. 

Mustered out of army, July 26, 1865. 

Entered the Albany Law School, 1866. 

Admitted to the Bar at Warren, Ohio, in March, 1867. 

Elected Prosecuting Attorney of Stark County, Ohio, 1869. 

Married January 25, 1871. 

Elected to Congress, 1876. 

Re-elected to Congress, 1878, 1880, 1882, 1884, 1886, 1888. 

Delegate-at-large, Chicago Convention, 1888. 

Defeated for Congress, 1890. 

Elected Governor of Ohio, November 3, 1891. 



Delegate to Minneapolis Convention, 1892. 
Re-elected Governor of Ohio, 1893. 
Nominated for President, June 18, 1896. 
Elected President, November 3, 1896. 
Inaugurated President, March 4, 1897. 
Re-nominated President, June 21, 1900. 
Re-elected President, November 6, 1900. 
Second inauguration, March 4, 1901. 
Assassinated September 6, 1901. 

Died at the home of John G. Milburn, Buffalo, New York, at 
2:15 A. M., September 14, 1901. 



CHAPTER I 

A BRIEF DIGEST OF THE LIFE AND DISTINGUISHED 
PUBLIC SERVICES OF WILLIAM McKINLEY 

THIS writing is for the purpose of giving briefly a review of 
such notable public events in the life of William McKinley, 
twenty-fifth President of the United States, as have in the 
largest degree affected the welfare of the Nation and of the 
American people. Able historians will teach all coming genera- 
tions of the works of the man. Eleven years after his death, it is 
generally believed that his personality will be ineradicably im- 
pressed upon the history of the Nation by its genuine goodness 
and honor. However that may be, his memory certainly is cher- 
ished at this time by the American people with singular tender- 
ness and affectionate admiration. This may be said to be true 
of his countrymen as a whole and quite regardless of political 
divisions. 

William McKinley was born in the village of Niles, in the 
County of Trumbull, State of Ohio, on the 29th of January, 1843. 
His father was William McKinley and his mother Nancy Allison 
McKinley. While he was but a child the family moved to Poland, 
a small village in Mahoning County, where the boy was sent to 
the village school and later to the Poland Academy, in which 
institution he continued as a student until his seventeenth year. 
He was at that time sent to Allegheny College at Meadville, 
Pennsylvania, where his education was to be continued, but after 
remaining there a short period he was taken ill and obliged to 
return to his home. 

Upon recovery he was appointed a teacher in the district 
school at Poland. He served in this capacity until the breaking 



out of the Civil War, and on the 11th of June, 1861, he volun- 
teered as a private in Company "E" of the Twenty-third Regi- 
ment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. 

As a soldier he served his country continuously from that 
time until the close of the war, returning to his home in Poland 
in July, 1865, at the age of twenty-two. 

McKinley served as a private in the ranks a little more than 
ten months, was appointed Commissary Sergeant of his Company 
on the 15th of April, 1862, and commissioned Second Lieutenant 
on the 24th of September of the same year. On February 7, 1863, 
he was appointed to the First Lieutenancy, was made Captain on 
July 25, 1864, and on March 13, 1865, was made Major by 
brevet in the regiment in which he originally enlisted. During 
his military life, as this record indicates, he earned and received 
distinct and continuous advancement, participating in his several 
capacities in nineteen serious engagements. 

Upon Major McKinley 's return to Poland at the close of the 
war he decided to adopt the law as a profession, and he studied 
in the office of a prominent attorney for two years, after which 
he completed his studies in the Albany, New York, Law School. 
Returning to Ohio, he was admitted to the Bar in 1867. 

After his admission to the Bar he opened an office in Canton, 
and in 1869 was elected Prosecuting Attorney of the County of 
Stark, in which Canton is situated. In this capacity he served 
one term, then returned to the general practice of his profession, 
in which he continued until 1876, when he was elected to repre- 
sent the Eighteenth District of the State of Ohio in the National 
Congress, to which position he was elected successively seven 
times, and in which capacity he served for an unbroken period 
of fourteen years. 

At the end of this period, in 1890, through a re-arrangement 
of the counties composing his District, which threw Stark County 
into a district very strongly Democratic, he was defeated for re- 



Page ten 




- X 



election, but in the following year he was unanimously chosen by 
his party as its candidate for Governor of the State of Ohio, and 
was duly elected. 

He was elected to succeed himself in this position in 1893, 
serving out his four years in that capacity with such distinction 
as to compel the admiration of the entire Nation, and in the 
summer of 1896 the delegates to the Republican National Con- 
vention meeting in the City of St. Louis, Missouri, to name a 
candidate for President of the United States, chose him as their 
representative, and he was elected to that office in November of 
that year. 

On the 4th of March, 1897, he was inaugurated twenty-fifth 
President of the United States. 

A little more than a year after McKinley's inauguration as 
President, war was declared between the United States and the 
Kingdom of Spain, its representatives to this country retiring 
from the Capital at Washington on April 23, 1898. President 
McKinley was supported during this conflict by both arms of 
the National Government, no party distinctions being drawn, and 
in a period of five months the Spanish belligerents were overcome. 
A formal treaty of peace between the two Nations was entered 
into by the representatives of the two Governments in the City 
of Paris, France, on December 10, 1898. 

In 1900 McKinley was nominated and elected to succeed 
himself as President of the Nation, and he was again inaugurated 
on the 4th of March, 1901. 

He passed his vacation of the following summer in his old 
home, at Canton, Ohio. His salary during his first presidential 
term had enabled him to purchase and refit the house that had 
been occupied by him immediately after his marriage. Having 
never before been the possessor of a home that he could call his 
own, he took a lively interest in fitting the place for his perma- 



Page eleven 



nent residence, which he had determined should commence with 
his retirement from office in the spring of 1905. 

The vacation weeks were comparatively exempt from the 
cares of office and were passed very quietly. It is the impression 
of those then nearest the President that this summer vacation 
spanned the happiest period of his life. He was expecting to 
return to Washington about the middle of September, but he 
had promised to be present, prior to his departure for Washing- 
ton, on two occasions of a popular nature. The first was the 
Pan-American Exposition, at Buffalo; the second being the State 
Encampment of the Grand Army of the Republic, at Cleveland. 

Accompanied by Mrs. McKinley and a group of near rela- 
tives and friends, he went to Buffalo on September 4th. The 
people of that City and the assembled visitors received him with 
the warm greeting that always awaited his coming. His party 
became the guests of Mr. John G. Milburn, the President of the 
Exposition. On the following day he delivered a most eloquent 
address, an utterance that glowed with pride in the existing con- 
ditions, and expressed his unbounded confidence in the future of 
the country. 

The program of the next day, September 6th, closed with a 
public reception. The place chosen for the function was the 
Temple of Music. The President took the place assigned to him 
and shook hands with the passers-by, as has been the custom of 
our Presidents at public receptions. In the line of approaching 
visitors was a man who had his right hand bound up in a hand- 
kerchief. The President put out his hand as if to shake the new- 
comer's left, but instead of extending his left the man raised 
up his bound-up right hand and fired two shots from a revolver. 

The second shot of the assassin, Leon Czolgosz, a Polish 
anarchist, was fatal. The President lingered a week, retaining his 
consciousness until the last. Being advised that the end was near 
he responded: "Good-bye, all, good-bye. It is God's way; His 



Page twelve 



will be done, not ours." He died in the early morning of Septem- 
ber 14, 1901. 

No American President had more just reason to be content 
with his official record than William McKinley. Nor have the 
people of America ever been more united in favorable apprecia- 
tion of the service rendered to their country by a Chief Magis- 
trate. His reluctance in yielding to the popular demand for the 
forcible suppression of Spanish cruelty in Cuba will be remem- 
bered. "The splendid game of war" did not allure him. His 
memory, seared by the horrors of the great conflict of the States, 
in which he had received his baptism of fire, prompted him to an 
heroic stand for arbitration and peace with the ancient kingdom. 
When once the die was cast, however, he threw into the conflict 
the wisdom and energy of a great general trained to the nicest 
sense of honor, and with a sedulous care that well-nigh wrecked 
a constitution of marvelous virility he pursued a sleepless policy 
of aggression that made the dreadful struggle one of weeks, and 
reduced the inexorable brutalities of war with all its terrors to 
the minimum. The pages of history recording the results of 
the war reflect the highest honor on his country and his admin- 
istration. 

Never was the whole country so shocked as by the news of 
his death. 

Never was a President more sincerely mourned than was 
William McKinley. 

His successor, President Roosevelt, did a most gracious 
thing, and one that brought him much confidence and popularity, 
in his declaration just prior to taking his oath of office, that it 
would be his aim to carry out the purposes and policies of 
McKinley. 

William McKinley was married to Ida Saxton, daughter of 
James A. and Katherine D. Saxton, ih Canton, Ohio, on January 

Page thirteen 



25, 1871. He was the father of two children, both of whom died 
in infancy. 

Katharine, the first child, was born on the 25th of December, 
1871, and died June 25, 1875. 

Ida, the second child, was born on March 31, 1873, and died 
August 22, 1873. 

Ida Saxton McKinley, wife of William McKinley, died May 

26, 1907. 



Page fourteen 



CHAPTER II 

NOTABLE EVENTS OF PRESIDENT McKINLEY'S 
ADMINISTRATION 



March 4. 
April 17. 
May 20. 

June 14. 

June 24. 

August 25. 
September 15. 

September 18. 

December 12. 



January 25. 
February 8. 



1897 

The inauguration of McKinley and Hobart. 

War declared by Turkey against Greece. 

The United States passed the joint resolution rec- 
ognizing the belligerency of Cuba. 

The boundary treaty between Great Britain and 
Venezuela ratified at Washington. 

The Dingley tariff act signed by President Mc- 
Kinley. 

President Borda of Uruguay assassinated. 

An attempt made to assassinate President Diaz 
of Mexico. 

The treaty of peace between Greece and Turkey 
signed. 

The death of Mrs. Nancy McKinley, mother of 
the President, at Canton, Ohio. 

1898 

The battleship Maine arrived at Havana. 

Letter published written by Minister De Lome 
disparaging President McKinley. After publi- 
cation of the letter De Lome asked the Spanish 
government to accept his resignation. 



February 15. Battleship Maine blown up. 



Page fifteen 



February 17. United States government appointed a naval 
court to inquire into the cause of the destruc- 
tion of the Maine. 

March 5. General Fitzhugh Lee's recall requested by the 

Spanish government, and promptly refused by 
the United States. 

March 7. Bill introduced in the House appropriating $50,- 

000,000 for national defense. Passed the House 
March 7th and the Senate March 8th, and was 
signed by the President. 

March 12. Battleship Oregon sailed from San Francisco to 
meet the Atlantic squadron. 

March 12. Spain offered armistice to the Cuban insurgents. 

March 25. Report of the Maine court of inquiry delivered 
to the President and transmitted to Congress, 
reaching there March 28th. 

April 5. United States Consuls in Cuba recalled. 

April 11. President McKinley sent message to Congress on 

the Cuban situation, in which he advised inter- 
vention without recognition of the Cuban gov- 
ernment. 

April 19. Congress recognized independence of Cuba and 

authorized use of United States forces in inter- 
vention. 

April 20. President issued ultimatum to Spain. 

April 22. Proclamation announcing war issued by President 

McKinley. 

April 23. President McKinley issued a call for 125,000 vol- 

unteers. 

April 24. War against the United States formally declared 

by Spain. 



Pag* siiteen 



May 1. 
May 19. 
May 25. 
June 3. 
June 20. 
July 1-2. 
July 3. 
July 26. 
August 12. 
October 18. 
December 10. 

February 10. 

July 7. 

July 15. 
July 22. 
September 20. 



Spanish fleet at Manila entirely destroyed by 

Dewey's fleet. 
Arrival of Admiral Cervera's fleet in the harbor 

of Santiago, Cuba. 
Second call for 75,000 volunteers issued by the 

President. 
Merrimac sunk in the harbor of Santiago by 

Lieutenant Hobson. 
United States Army of Invasion landed in Cuba 

under General Shafter. 
El Caney and San Juan, Cuba, captured by 

United States troops. 
Admiral Cervera's fleet attempted to escape and 

was entirely destroyed by United States fleet. 
Spanish government, through French Ambassa- 
dor Cambon, asked for terms of peace. 

Peace protocol signed and armistice proclaimed. 
Cuban blockade raised. 

United States took formal possession of Porto 

Rico. 
Peace treaty signed at Paris. 

1899 

Peace treaty with Spain ratified by the United 
States Senate. 

President called for ten regiments to quell Fili- 
pino insurrection. 

Secretary of War Alger resigned. 

Elihu Root appointed Secretary of War. 

Arrival of Admiral Dewey from Philippines in 
New York harbor. 



Page seveDteeo 



October 10. Transvaal war begun. 

October 12. Alaskan boundary dispute temporarily arranged 

by Great Britain and the United States. 
November 21. Vice-President Hobart died at Paterson, New 
Jersey. 

1900 



January 2. 

February 5. 

March 14. 

June 19. 
June 21. 
July 5. 

July 30. 
August 14. 
November 6. 

January 22. 

March 4. 
March 23. 
April 1. 
April 29. 
May 28. 

September 5. 



Secretary Hay announced the success of the "open 

door" policy in China. 
Hay-Pauncefote treaty amending the Clayton- 

Bulwer treaty signed. 
Gold standard currency bill signed by President 

McKinley. 
Legations at Peking attacked by Chinese. 
McKinley and Roosevelt nominated. 
Bryan and Stevenson nominated as Democratic 

candidates on national ticket. 
King Humbert of Italy assassinated. 
Relief of Peking legations by allied armies. 
President McKinley re-elected. 

1901 

Death of Queen Victoria and accession of King 
Edward. 

McKinley and Roosevelt inaugurated. 

Aguinaldo captured. 

Incorporation of the billion-dollar steel trust. 

President McKinley started on his western tour. 

Cuba accepts Piatt amendment to the constitu- 
tion. 

President McKinley arrived at Pan-American Ex- 
position, where he delivered an address. 



Page eighteen 



CHAPTER III 

A REVIEW OF PERSONAL TRAITS AND NOTEWORTHY INCIDENTS 
IN THE LIFE OF WILLIAM McKINLEY 

IN THE opening pages of this book appears a concise mention 
of the most important features characterizing the career of 

William McKinley ; also chronological summaries of events 
pertaining to his life, and to concurrent changes in the history 
of the times in which he lived. 

The people of nearly all the great nations of the world know 
in advance who is to be the successor of an existing ruler. With 
them the chief office is a family inheritance. In America no 
family is so highly favored. All that is known about the matter 
is that, somewhere in the United States, there is living a man, 
or boy, who will in due time become the head of the Nation. Our 
Constitution says that our President must be native-born; in all 
other respects it allows the people to make their own free choice. 

In the year 1843 the village of Niles, Ohio, was small. 
There were no rich, and no dependent poor. The fathers worked 
for a living and the mothers reared the families. Such were the 
modest conditions under which William McKinley made his 
entry into the world. He was the fourth child in a family of 
seven. He went to the village school with the other children, 
and later on by his industry helped to bear the burdens of the 
growing family. Who could have been found rash enough to 
predict, or wise enough to foresee, that this poor boy would 
one day be the Chief Magistrate of this great Nation? 

There are not wanting many other phases in the development 
of McKinley's career that border closely on the romantic. He 
commenced life poor; his beginnings got no help from social 

Page nineteen 



prestige or political influence; his education advanced little be- 
yond the grade of the common school. And yet, in the great 
places to which he mounted step by step — legislative, adminis- 
trative and executive — he acquitted himself with that admirable 
tact and sagacity that won the confidence and the hearts of his 
countrymen. 

It would be difficult to imagine a man more agreeable in 
social companionship. His manners were natural and therefore 
most pleasing. Like his modes of thought, they were simple, easy, 
the unrestrained, hearty, cordial expression of his nature. He 
was the perfect type of a true American citizen. Undoubtedly 
his pleasing personality, and his intuitive knowledge and prac- 
tice of the proprieties in all social contacts, whether these involved 
only the meeting of an old friend, or a state dinner given by him 
in the White House in honor of the heads of departments, or of 
ambassadors from foreign lands, were strong factors in his official 
advancement. 

His extraordinary popularity, especially among laboring peo- 
ple, was chiefly due to other reasons. It was due, in fact, to his 
powerful and, finally, successful efforts as the protagonist of their 
welfare. A fair understanding of the incipiency and methods of 
this championship necessitates a glance backward. 

The earliest progenitors of the McKinley family in America 
were of Scotch-Irish stock. They came to this country prior to 
the Revolution, and some of the members of the family held very 
honorable place in the army under Washington. Numerically the 
Scotch-Irish immigration was of comparatively slender propor- 
tions, but the names of their descendants constitute a very honor- 
able page in American history. Among others the list comprises 
Jefferson and Jackson, Clay, Calhoun and Horace Greeley. Presi- 
dent McKinley's mother was of the Campbell family, also from 
the land of Burns and Bonnie Doon. His father, grandfather and 
great-grandfather were all known as "iron" men. With varying 



Page twenty 



fortune they had occupied themselves with the development of 
the iron resources, both in Pennsylvania and Ohio. 

During his long term in Congress, William McKinley repre- 
sented a district in which, including his own father, three genera- 
tions of his progenitors, all iron men, lived and died. His father 
learned the trade of iron moulder, but afterwards embarked in 
the furnace business, making iron from native ores with charcoal. 
Owing to political changes, he had a varying fortune. His first 
charcoal furnace was at Niles, Ohio; his second at New Wilming- 
ton, Pennsylvania; his third at Lorain, Ohio, and his last venture 
was at Caseville, Michigan. 

It was during McKinley 's eighteenth year, and while he was 
teaching a country school, that the guns of Sumter sounded the 
call to arms. It was in June, 1861, that he responded to the call 
of President Lincoln for three hundred thousand men, to serve 
three years, or during the war. He enlisted as a private soldier 
in Company "E," Twenty -third Ohio Regiment. The personnel 
of the officers in command of this regiment comprised historic 
names, men of great influence whose high esteem and warm 
friendship, in after years, were grateful accessories to McKinley 
in his struggle for the measures of reform with which his name 
came to be so honorably associated. 

The first Colonel of the Twenty-third Ohio was W. S. Rosen- 
crans who became one of the most noted generals in the war. It 
was while he commanded the Army of the Cumberland, second 
in size only to the Army of the Potomac, that the battles of 
Murfreesboro and Chickamauga, among the bloodiest conflicts 
of the war, were fought. The first Lieutenant-Colonel was Stan- 
ley Matthews, who, after his term of military service, was elected 
Senator from Ohio, and subsequently became an Associate Jus- 
tice of the Supreme Court at Washington. The first Major was 
Rutherford B. Hayes, who became a general in the army; after- 
wards Governor of his own State, then President of the United 

Page twenty-one 



States. The regiment was mustered into the service by General 
John C. Fremont, the first candidate of the Republican party for 
the Presidency, in 1856, and a prominent figure in pioneer Amer- 
ican history. 

During a large part of his soldier life McKinley was an aid 
on the staff of General Hayes, one of the bravest of our com- 
manders, and one whose place was at the forefront in many of 
the most fiercely contested battles of the Army of the Potomac. 
Eleven years after the war Hayes was elected President, and 
McKinley member of Congress. In the war Hayes had risen 
from Colonel to General, and McKinley from private to Major. 
Hayes was afterward thrice elected Governor. During his cam- 
paigns he frequently visited Canton, always being the guest of 
the McKinley home. The affectionate regard of these men for 
each other was very marked. 

It was particularly felicitous for Major McKinley that his 
first four years in Congress were coincident with the administra- 
tion of President Hayes. The youngest member of Congress, he 
had the intimate and near friendship of the ruler of the Nation. 
No direct political advancement could, or did, grow out of this 
friendship. That, of necessity, had to be adjudged by the jury 
that composed his Congressional district. The manner in which 
he acquitted himself before his constituents is well enough known 
and does not come within the scope of this sketch. That he was 
chosen as their standard bearer for seven successive campaigns 
was due, and could be due, to himself alone. 

Nevertheless the friendship of the President toward the 
young Congressman was an aid to his quick prestige with the 
prominent leaders in Congress such as rarely falls to the lot of a 
new man. The Canton people were pleased to find that their 
city had become a Mecca for great men. Garfield and Blaine, 
Hamlin and Logan, General and Senator Sherman, Windom, 
Burrows, and many others of equal note visited the city time and 

Page twenty-two 



again as guests of their representative. They took no pains to 
disguise their partiality for him, expressed in terms that indicated 
a strong belief in his future as a powerful exponent and defender 
of the civic methods which he and they had espoused. As a 
matter of fact he had lost no opportunity to impress Congress 
and the country with the economic views with which his youth 
had been imbued, and which his later studies had precipitated 
in the form of absolute conviction. 

Although William McKinley was in office during nearly the 
entire period of his maturer years, it would convey a wrong im- 
pression to speak of him as an office-hunter. It would be more 
correct to say that the offices sought him. When his party was at 
the point of selecting its candidate for an important campaign, 
and when the other aspirants found themselves confronted by 
McKinley's prestige and popularity, they remained discreetly 
away from a convention that could have but one easily discern- 
ible result. 

The faultlessness of McKinley's personal life shielded him 
from hurtful charges so apt to be exploited during the heat of 
political campaigns. In the absence of any available advantages 
from this source the opposition was forced to resort to other 
measures. The most promising of these was the "gerrymander," 
a change in a congressional district with the design of defeating 
some measure, or some candidate for office. 

Prior to his election to the governorship of Ohio he was 
universally spoken of as Major McKinley. Major McKinley's 
first election to Congress was from a Republican district com- 
posed of Stark (the County of his residence), Mahoning, Colum- 
biana and Carroll counties. That was in 1876. 

In the following year, 1877, the Democrats obtained control 
of the Ohio Legislature. A new district was constructed — this 
time of Stark, Ashland, Wayne and Portage Counties — a district 
which had footed up a Democratic majority of eighteen hundred. 



Page twenty-three 



In 1878 Major McKinley carried this district with thirteen hun- 
dred majority. 

Again, in 1883, a new district was framed comprising Stark, 
Medina, Summit and Wayne Counties, on lines that seemed to 
justify the expectation of a Democratic majority of nine hundred, 
but at the election in 1884 Major McKinley had a large majority. 

Once more, in 1889, the Ohio Legislature redistricted the 
State, this time constructing the Eighteenth — known as Mc- 
Kinley's district — in such a way as to make it Democratic by 
four thousand votes. 

That a man who had just seen his Congressional struggle of 
fourteen years' duration crowned with victory, and one who was, 
at that moment, in the enjoyment of prestige for wise statesman- 
ship, for power in debate, and for safe leadership, such as has 
fallen to the lot of very few men, should invite or willingly assume 
the drudgery of such a campaign as this condition presaged is 
naturally out of the question. Nevertheless, fearless of the uses 
which he knew would be made of the fact of his defeat, he yielded 
to importunity and used his utmost efforts to gain the victory. 
He reduced the Democratic majority from four thousand to three 
hundred and three, and his defeat may justly be regarded as 
his greatest victory at the polls. 

In 1891 Major McKinley was the Republican candidate for 
Governor of Ohio. Very rarely did he have competitors for a 
party nomination. There was no other candidate for Governor, 
and McKinley, though with unfeigned reluctance, relegated at- 
tention to his private affairs to a later day and accepted the 
Republican candidacy. 

The nomination implied the platform. The questions to be 
decided were of national import. The nominee represented issues 
that overtopped his State. This personal wage of battle and 
polling of votes in a close State for a law of most complex nature, 
which had not yet fully gone into effect, bordered closely on 



Pai<e tweoty-four 



rashness. Republican defeat in the single State of Ohio, and in 
the year of 1891, would have inflicted most serious injury to his 
party. Major McKinley fully appreciated the gravity of the 
dilemma in which he was placed. He was elected by a majority 
of twenty-one thousand, five hundred and seven. 

In 1893 McKinley was again nominated for Governor of 
Ohio. He was now able to add the achievements of his career as 
an executive officer to his history as legislator. He had been 
Governor two years, and his record was an open book. The vin- 
dication of himself and the championship of his party from the 
stump was easy. Like everything else undertaken by him, it was 
thoroughly well done. His success approximated a result never 
before reached in Ohio in times of peace, being a majority of 
eighty thousand, nine hundred and ninety-five. 

A narrative of the events constituting the life history of 
Governor McKinley during the years succeeding his second elec- 
tion would be simply a history of Ohio for the concurrent period. 
As to whether his career in executive office merited the approba- 
tion of his fellow citizens was settled in a most conclusive and 
honorable way; first by the unanimity of the Ohio delegates for 
his candidacy for the Presidency in the St. Louis convention in 
June, 1896, and then by his immense popular majority for Presi- 
dent at the November election in the same year. 

Biographers of McKinley, and reviewers of the history of 
his time, undertake to present the causes of his rise from the 
humble family home in Niles to the Chief Magistracy of one of 
the greatest nations in the world's history. An epitome of the 
factors that, it is claimed, have contributed to his success would 
be of interest, but the scope of this memoir forbids its introduc- 
tion. The campaign for the Republican nomination for the Presi- 
dency in 1895-6 disclosed some of these causes in a striking 
manner. The most interesting of these revelations was in the 
fact that although Major McKinley was not the choice of the 

Page twenty-five 



professional politicians — most of that class were his avowed oppo- 
nents — he was, nevertheless, the popular favorite. 

He was without prestige of family other than falls to the 
lot of any American born of industrious, God-fearing parents. 
He had been a soldier, but his highest military grade was com- 
paratively humble. He had no wealth, no sumptuous establish- 
ment which enabled him to entertain and impress the social 
world. He had only his invalid wife and himself, and the mention 
of this fact exacts a retrospective glance at an event of capital 
import in the life of Major McKinley. 

Back in the seventies the handsome ex-soldier was superin- 
tendent of the Methodist Sunday School in Canton. At a quad- 
rennial conference of that church, held years later in Cleveland, 
Ohio, an attending minister penciled on his knee an incident that 
he had just heard. The editor of one of the "Advocates" sat 
just in front of him. He passed his little sheet over to him with 
this whisper: "Here is an item for your paper." It read thus: 

Nothing more romantic and beautiful in the matter of courtship has 
ever been published than that of the next President with the lovely woman 
who is now his wife. In Canton, the town where they resided, she was 
teacher of a large bible class in the First Presbyterian Church, and he the 
superintendent of the Sunday School of the First Methodist Episcopal 
Church. In going to their respective schools they passed each other at a cer- 
tain corner, and found it pleasant to stop occasionally and indulge in conversa- 
tion concerning their work. This went on for many months, until, on an ever- 
memorable Sunday afternoon in their history, he said to her: 

"I don't like this separation every Sunday, you going one way and I 
another. Let us change the order. Suppose after this we always go the same 
way. I think that is the thing for us to do What do you think?" 

"I think so, too," was the answer, which gave him the most beautiful 
of wives and her one of the noblest and most devoted of husbands. 

The marriage took place on January 25, 1871. Their first 
child, Katie, born on Christmas day, 1872, lived to be three 
years and six months old. Their second child, Ida, lived only 

Page twenty-six 



half a year. In March, 1873, less than fifteen months after the 
birth of her first child, Mrs. McKinley's mother died. 

These cruel separations, coming one after another in quick 
succession, prostrated Mrs. McKinley, so that for many months 
her life hung suspended on a very slender thread. Her nervous 
system, most sensitive and high strung, was almost wrecked. The 
wounds upon her heart never fully healed. The most eminent 
specialists failed to restore the equipoise of perfect health. There 
was no defined malady or disease; none of the irritability of 
feeble selfishness or prostration. When the enchanting dream of 
life was obscured by the sharp, quick eclipse of death, she fell 
into strong and loving arms, where, cradled by patience and 
goodness beyond the reach of words, and soothed by the healing 
hand of time, she was restored to the circle of those she had held 
most dear. 

McKinley's devotion to his wife has few parallels. It had 
been unceasingly, sensitively watchful. None could see, or know 
of it without being touched. A strong admiration for him is the 
inevitable result. This Nation is made up, not only of Republic- 
ans and Democrats, or Protectionists and Freetraders, but of 
parents and children, of husbands and wives. Human nature, 
goodness and self-sacrifice open the door to our favor; at the very 
least they oil the hinges, however rusted by prejudice and parti - 
sanisms. 

The widespread favor of the people toward Major McKinley 
was largely due to something else; was in fact due to his achieve- 
ments as a legislator, and to his powerful advocacy of political 
principles and methods in the public forums of the Nation. The 
preparation for such labors as he accomplished necessarily pre- 
supposes seclusion, exhaustive study and profound thought. 

Excepting during the occupancy of his seat in the sessions 
of Congress, Mrs. McKinley was at her husband's side during all 
his public life. He was thus spared the exhausting and time- 

Page twenty-seven 



consuming inroads made on the lives of public men by the ex- 
actions of modern society life. Education, reading, temperament 
and perspicacity eminently fitted her for useful and helpful com- 
panionship. He was a great social favorite, but he needed no 
other society; his place was at her side. And it was there, in that 
pure atmosphere, sanctified by love, by sorrow, and by supremest 
devotion, that Major McKinley built the foundations of that 
faith in himself, of that splendid reputation for patriotic states- 
manship, that assured to him the highest token of approbation 
within the gift of a free people. 

Remembering all these gracious phases of the life of our 
martyred President, visitors to the Mausoleum at Canton will 
carry away with them certain recollections that are sure to vie 
successfully with the noble architecture of the great tomb for the 
uppermost place in their hearts. Where is the American wife 
who could enter the shadows under that majestic dome of granite; 
who could stand upon that beautifully tessellated floor of rarely 
blended marbles — stand face to face with the imposing sarcoph- 
agus, double-crowned with the two caskets of granite, and in- 
scribed with equal prominence in letters of gold — "William Mc- 
Kinley," "Ida McKinley"? — where is the American woman who 
could view this stately tribute without a feeling of affectionate 
admiration for the rarely blended character that inspired it? 

It is probable that no document from McKinley 's pen elec- 
trified the country so intensely as his first written acceptance of 
the Republican nomination for the Presidency in 1896. His repu- 
tation as an orator and debater had already placed him in the 
front rank as a leader and statesman. In 1896 new questions of 
vital import to the Republic were wedging their way to the front. 
In the paper referred to the questions pertaining to the public 
welfare, commercial, financial, political, were analyzed by a mas- 
ter hand. His party knew that no mistake had been made, and 
the country approved the policies he had foreshadowed with 



Pagf tweoty-eight 



almost unprecedented unanimity. The same clearness, justice 
and patriotism characterized his presidential messages and inau- 
gural addresses. A review of McKinley's presidential career, ex- 
tending from March, 1897, to September, 1901, really involves 
the history of his country during the same period. The best 
review of his career as President was written by McKinley him- 
self. It is to be found in his last inaugural address, delivered by 
him in Washington, March 4, 1901. 

Having thus briefly glanced at a few of the events character- 
izing McKinley's official life, a review of his methods, and, 
incidentally, of the causes to which his popularity in his State, 
and in the country at large, may be attributed, will not be with- 
out interest. For the ascertainment of the immediate and direct 
causes we do not go far. His legislative acts simply voiced con- 
victions entertained by the great body of his party in and out 
of Congress, and his vindication of these acts elicited the confi- 
dence and admiration of the people. His career as Governor of 
Ohio gave ample proof that the conscience, the straightforward- 
ness, and the broad grasp upon public affairs which characterized 
his leadership in Congress constituted the best possible equipment 
for the attainment of success in the executive field. The unex- 
ampled and unheard-of majority on the occasion of his re-election, 
after his first two years of governorship, in 1893, left nothing to 
be doubted as to the popular estimate of him as an executive 
officer. 

While the events which make up the official history of a 
public man indicate in a general way the reasons for his rise or 
fall in public esteem, the inquiry which reveals the special and 
fundamental causes of his success or failure will have to be more 
precise. It will have to take into account, not only events or 
sequences, but more especially the personal traits, character, and 
methods of the individual with whose efforts these sequences are 
associated. It will be most satisfactory to take a glance at the 

Page tweoty-oine 



personal methods which were peculiar to President McKinley, 
for these not only disclose the traits of the man — they intrinsic- 
ally constitute the proof and basis of that characterization which 
should be the objective point of critical inquiry. 

We are often told that the old order of things has passed 
away and that a new age is upon us, with new issues and new 
ways of solving the problem of life. This is only partially true. 
Many of the old issues remain; but as to the novelty of many 
modern conditions there can be no doubt. The most striking 
of the changes referred to are those involving the swift and 
thorough dissemination of intelligence. 

Formerly opportunities for seeing, hearing, and even reading 
the utterances of public men were comparatively rare. Railroads, 
telegraphs, printing presses were not as we now find them. The 
adherents of a party leader who had obtained distinction could 
exploit the public, summoning to their aid many advantages 
which are not now available. 

What simile is strong enough to correctly picture the close 
scrutiny to which public men are subjected now, when, not only 
all sayings and events of any interest, but also the more important 
comments thereon, are, within a few hours, published in every 
corner of the land? And then, inside of a few added hours, come 
back the responses of the people, streams that, uniting, form that 
great current of public opinion which carries all before it. 

It was under these conditions, when the public passed in- 
telligent judgment on every act and every utterance the very 
day, and almost the very hour, of its occurrence, that McKinley, 
step by step, gained the high position in public confidence and 
esteem that resulted in his large majorities in 1896 and in 1900. 
His judgment of public measures had the unanimous approbation 
of his party. His skill and power in debate constantly prevailed. 
His personal record was impermeable. The endorsement of his 
executive career had no parallel. In making this allusion to the 

Page thirty 



unique majority by which McKinley was reelected to the Gov- 
ernor's chair in 1893, the propriety of a cursory review of his 
methods and peculiarities in forensic and campaigning work 
easily suggests itself. 

The one word which, more than any other, characterizes his 
life and his methods is "simplicity." No one can recall the im- 
pression left on the mind by his speeches without confirming this 
statement. In his presentation of a subject all digressions that 
have as their main object a desire to make a show of learning, a 
flight of oratory, or a captious appeal, are conspicuously absent. 
There was no place for tawdry rhetoric or forensic display. On 
the contrary, there was a straightforward, consecutive and con- 
nected analysis of the issue under inspection, and, when the 
speaker had concluded, he had left upon the minds of his hearers, 
not only a clear and strong impression and understanding of the 
subject, but also of the facts and arguments upon which his con- 
victions were founded. 

The science of political economy is most complex. Speeches 
such as McKinley prepared involved vast reading and research. 
His presentations of the subjects were, therefore, not only models 
of simplicity, but had all the added force that can be conferred 
by sound logic and argument. This constitutes the charm of his 
stump speeches to mixed audiences. The great tariff subject, so 
complex and mysterious, was presented so simply that every man 
could clearly comprehend it. The speaker did no fine spinning. 
He confined himself to elementary features. He dispelled the 
fogs and mysteries and ushered his hearers into the secrets of the 
whole thing. This square, honest, simple style of exposition lent 
a justly merited charm and power to McKinley 's campaigning 
methods. Humor, pathos, and straining after dramatic effect all 
were absent, and yet no public speaker in the land was more 
sought after, nor hailed with greater delight than this plain- 



Page thirty-one 



talking but earnest champion of American industry. It was the 
very triumph of simplicity. 

Although McKinley was thoroughly versed in the minutiae 
of party mechanism, and was a profound student of politics in the 
broadest sense, his preference for the open, old-style modes of 
campaigning was most decided. Pending his candidacy, whether 
for Congress or Governor, he seemed to have no other thought 
than to meet every voter and present his views of the situation 
in person. 

The keynote and mainspring of effort with him was his well- 
rooted conviction that the real good of the State must proceed 
from the family, the home, the individual. The prosperity, the 
real welfare of one is the welfare of all. Every great political 
reform with which his name had been identified has had as its 
principal aim the betterment of personal opportunity for the 
wage worker and the householder. It was, therefore, with the 
consciousness and confidence of a noble purpose that he met 
every citizen, mounted every platform, and, being the very 
personification of health, vigor, energy and frankness, he became 
one of the most formidable as well as one of the most honorable 
and admirable campaign leaders this country has ever known. 

The simplicity which characterized McKinley 's methods of 
analysis and of presenting his subject may be safely taken as the 
keynote of the man in all respects. Being actuated by well- 
grounded opinion, with a contagious earnestness, he was always 
consistent and probably never made a speech he would have 
wished to recall. His record as a veteran soldier in the Union 
army left no doubt as to his past affiliations. He may have 
been less versatile than others, but he never went wrong. 

His rhetoric was not florid, but carried conviction by its 
strong logic and earnestness. No one ever accused him of imita- 
tion — his style, gestures, mannerisms were all his own. He was 
favored with a splendid voice which, without much apparent 



Page thirty-two 



effort, and with great staying qualities under long stress, was 
capable of filling the largest halls. 

Neither in his public nor private utterances did he resort to 
personalities. He was an ideal gentleman. He assailed no one 
personally, and for those who ventured to assail him the recoil 
was sufficient to put a quietus to their power for harm. 



Page thirty-tbree 



THE ARCHITECT OF THE MEMORIAL. 

Mr. Harold Van Buren Magonigle was born in Bergen 
Heights, New Jersey, in 1867, and began his architectural career 
some fourteen years later with Vaux & Radford in New York. 
His experience in this and other offices — among them those of 
Messrs. C. C. Haight, Rotch & Tilden of Boston, and McKim, 
Mead & White — was a varied and valuable one. In 1889 he 
was awarded the Gold Medal of the Architectural League of 
New York, and in 1894 he won one of the most sought for 
prizes of the young architect, the Rotch Traveling Scholarship, 
which allowed him to spend some years in Europe in the study 
of his profession. He was the first student to enter the Ameri- 
can Academy in Rome. Since his return he has won distinction 
as a designer of force and originality, and is known as one of the 
most brilliant draughtsmen of the day. 

Among his executed works may be mentioned the Gates 
Avenue Court House in Brooklyn, the National Maine Monu- 
ment and the Firemen's Memorial in New York City, the City 
Club of Auburn, New York, and the important school building 
for Mrs. Dow at Briarcliff Manor, New York. 

He has been successful in many important competitions, 
among them that for the National Water Gate in memory of 
Robert Fulton to be erected in New York, and he won fourth 
place in a field of one hundred and thirty-seven in the inter- 
national competition for a plan for the Federal Capital City of 
Australia, and prizes in many others. 

Mr. Magonigle has written and lectured on architectural 
subjects. He is a Fellow and Director of the American Insti- 
tute of Architects, and President of the Association of the 
Alumni of the American Academy in Rome. 



Page thirty-four 



CHAPTER IV 

A DESCRIPTION OF THE McKINLEY MEMORIAL 
AT CANTON, OHIO 

BY THE ARCHITECT 

THE property of the Association is of irregular shape and 
includes, approximately, twenty-six acres. It is adjoined 
along a portion of the northerly and westerly boundaries 
by Westlawn Cemetery; to the south lies the "Water Works" 
Park, but separated from it by Linden Avenue, the thoroughfare 
chiefly used by visitors who go to the Memorial in vehicles. The 
nearest trolley line is on West Tuscarawas Street, about a quarter 
of a mile from the southerly boundary, and Hazlett Avenue is 
the principal line of communication between that street and the 
westerly entrance to the grounds at the end of Hazlett. When 
the city park system, of which the "Water Works" Park is now 
a nucleus, is extended, the natural and more agreeable route from 
the cars will lie through the park. A carriage road is also pro- 
posed, and visitors will thus be led directly to the main entrance. 
In its original condition the southerly portion of the prop- 
erty, for about a thousand feet north of Linden Avenue, was 
low-lying, swampy land, with a branch of the Nimishillen Creek 
near the easterly line and a raceway that supplies the Water 
Works running diagonally across it. Beyond this swamp the 
ground rose quite abruptly into the eminence known as "Monu- 
ment Hill," the site chosen for the Mausoleum itself. This hill is 
at the end or spur of a long ridge, separated from the Cemetery 
on the southwest and northwest by a little valley and on the 
northeast by a densely wooden ravine. It is a gravel formation with 
some thin strata of shale and white clay. Its base was fringed 

Page thirty-five 



with willows and wild cherry and some fair specimens of elm. 
The hill itself was bare of trees, except to the north, where a thin 
stand of red oaks and other hardwood growth existed. In the 
valley between the hill and the Cemetery was the bed of an old 
mill-pond, through which ran a copious brook, with some fine 
willows on its southerly bank. 

There were but two fixed factors to guide the architect with 
respect to the general plan to be worked out — the Mausoleum 
was to stand on Monument Hill, and the approach thereto was 
to be from Linden Avenue. After a careful examination of the 
ground he determined upon two points of departure for the de- 
velopment of his design. First, that the Mausoleum and its 
immediate entourage should be circular in form, as best adapted 
to the natural shape of the hill; and, second, that with an 
abundant supply of water so readily available a treatment of the 
approaches that should include some use of it was clearly indi- 
cated. The earliest sketches contained the germ of the finished 
work, and as the plan developed it was observed that its shape 
suggested a cross-hilted sword with the Mausoleum at the junc- 
tion of the blade, guard and hilt — the cross of the martyr, the 
sword of the President in time of war. This idea was adhered 
to and carried into execution. The southerly arm of the cross is 
formed by the approach roads and a "Long Water" or basin 
and the main flight of steps; the easterly and westerly arms by 
minor flights; and the northerly by a broad, straight drive, con- 
nected by a winding road with the system of drives in the adja- 
cent cemetery. 

As the design took definite form various other considerations 
presented themselves; the Memorial was to be dedicated to a 
great man of simple and dignified life; it was to be erected in a small 
city, not a metropolitan center; and the funds available were 
not such as to warrant lavish display had such been either appro- 
priate or desirable. On the other hand, the property was of con- 



Page thirty-six 



siderable extent, the distances themselves on a monumental 
scale. All this contributed to suggest a design that should express 
the dignity of McKinley's character, be conceived on a scale 
commensurate with its environment, and possess such breadth 
and unity of effect that it might be comprehended in all its 
essentials at a first glance, and with such a treatment of the 
details of the composition as would not disturb the ensemble but 
give interest, variety and scale on nearer approach. Reduced to 
its simplest terms, the composition possesses two salient charac- 
teristics: (a) A long vista between walls of foliage leading up to 
(6) a green terraced hill crowned by the Mausoleum. 

For a vista of adequate width, one that would afford an 
unobstructed view of the Mausoleum and its immediate adjuncts, 
a single roadway was out of the question; the scale would have 
been too large. The streets by which the Memorial is approached 
are of moderate width, and it was not possible to create a proper 
point of departure at Linden Avenue for a wide boulevard. It 
seemed more desirable to effect a gradual transition from the 
scale of the city streets to that of the Memorial, and vice versa, 
so that a visitor would be insensibly led from the one scale to 
the other on entering and on leaving the grounds. Moreover, a 
vista of equal width throughout its length would have seemed 
to converge unduly at its further end. The problem was solved 
by establishing the width of the road at thirty feet, at its junction 
with Linden Avenue, corresponding to the width of the roadbed 
of that thoroughfare, gradually widening for a distance of about 
three hundred feet to the foot of the "Long Water," which 
itself takes up and prolongs the lines of the road and widens 
to fifty-four feet at its upper end. At the foot of this basin the 
road divides into two, each of a clear width of twenty feet, which 
pass up the sides and enter an oblong plaza, at the base of the 
hill, lying transversely to the axis of the approaches. 



Page thirty-seven 



The treatment of the approaches was suggested by the 
original condition of the ground. Linden Avenue lay seventeen 
feet below the foot of the hill, and the swampy land between 
varied from six or eight to fifteen and eighteen feet below these 
points. Two dikes were therefore constructed at either side of 
the proposed basin, connecting at its foot with a broader, single 
dike to Linden Avenue. Part of the material was excavated 
from the basin, and the balance was brought in from outside, to 
a total extent of about eighty thousand cubic yards. 

One of the chief springs of interest in landscape work lies in 
the quality of surprise, in re-awakening interest at certain points. 
It has been noted that Linden Avenue lies seventeen feet below 
the foot of the hill a thousand feet distant. The approach roads 
therefore are constantly rising, and as a result the Long Water 
is not visible on entering the grounds, nor until the foot of it is 
almost reached, when it reveals itself as a silver mirror reflecting 
the Mausoleum and the landscape on its surface. An interesting 
problem was presented in the treatment of this feature. The 
source of supply originally contemplated was from the pond to 
be re-created on the site of the old mill-pond before referred to, 
and the greatest head that could be secured was so slight that it 
was necessary to keep the water-level in the basin as low as 
possible; since the level of the roads was constantly rising along 
the sides, the water would, by an optical illusion, have appeared 
to run down hill toward the Mausoleum. In order to overcome 
this the basin was subdivided into five levels, each twenty inches 
higher than the one below, the result being that, as a whole, it 
is made more nearly parallel to the line of the banks. These 
changes in level produce four cascades which pour over weir walls 
curved to avoid the stiffness of straight lines and to catch the 
light in different ways on the veil of water. One of the refine- 
ments practiced, to avoid the apparent dip in the center of any 
long, horizontal line, was to build the roadbeds, and consequently 

Page thirty-eight 



the top of the banks beside the basin, on the arc of a circle, the 
chord passing through a point at the southerly side of the Plaza 
and the crown of Linden Avenue, the highest point of the arc 
being two feet above the chord at its center. This device gives 
unusual spring and life to the lines and surfaces. The roadbeds 
are excellently constructed with a foundation of large cobble 
stones, one foot thick, topped with six inches of gravel thoroughly 
rolled and compacted. Catch basins and systems of pipes for 
drainage and for a water supply for sprinkling the lawns and 
caring for the trees and shrubs were installed. 

Besides the transition from the scale of the streets to that 
of the Memorial, another was necessary — a gradual change in 
character that should have its effect upon the visitor. The in- 
terest must constantly increase, the elements of the design must 
be multiplied, minor compositions contributing to the general 
effect be introduced, and all the adjuncts must become more 
architectural in their character and the mind insensibly prepared 
for the severe design of the tomb itself. Therefore, from the en- 
trance to the Plaza at the base of the hill, while the lines of road 
and Long Water are entirely formal, the elements used are 
merely such as nature provides in turf, trees and shrubs, except 
the low copings of the basin. The Plaza seemed the proper place 
for the actual interfusion of natural and architectural forms. 
Accordingly it is enclosed and defined by low, heavy, granite 
walls on the north and south, but at the segmental ends to the 
east and west the enclosure is made by broad hedges of privet 
clipped to the height and width of the walls, accented by large 
granite piers at either side of openings giving access on the east 
to a footpath leading around the hill to the ravine and on the 
west to a road connecting with the cemetery drives. Japanese 
Ivy (Ampelopsis) is planted at certain intervals to cover and 
conceal portions of the granite work, to soften its hard lines and 
assist, with broad bands of turf carried all around the Plaza, in 



Page thirty-nine 



uniting it to its natural surroundings. On the northerly side are 
two granite garden houses for the storage of tools and the like, 
placed opposite to and centering upon the roads bordering the 
basin. They serve, on the esthetic side, a double purpose — to 
give, individually, points of interest at the ends of the road vistas, 
and, together, to act as part of a triangular composition of which 
the statue and pedestal form the apex. On the southerly side 
the line of the enclosing wall, opposite to the main flight of ap- 
proach steps, is broken by a segmental recess or bay. The turf 
bank on the basin side of the wall is curved to follow this line, 
and the coping of the Long Water at its foot repeats it, thus 
interlocking, as it were, the basin and Plaza. From the center of 
the north side rises the main flight of approach steps, fifty feet 
wide in the clear and flanked by copings at each side four feet 
in width. It is broken into four flights of twenty-three risers each, 
with broad landings between, the central one being twenty feet 
and the two others fifteen feet wide. The total length is one 
hundred and ninety-four feet. 

On the lower edge of the central landing stands the pedestal 
of the statue, of Knoxville marble, resting on a socle of Milford 
granite (the material used for all of the exterior masonry of the 
Memorial, including that of the Mausoleum). The pedestal is 
extremely simple, the base being merely a torus, fillet and scotia, 
the die diminishing toward the top and having a slight entasis 
or outward curve. Near the top on each face are slightly sunken 
panels, with bands of oak leaves terminated with discs, in very 
low relief, set in them. Above the marble die is a moulded plinth 
of bronze with a delicate vine of conventionalized ivy running 
around it, signifying Constancy, a distinguishing trait of the 
President's character. This moulded bronze plinth receives the 
actual plinth of the statue and forms a strong and satisfactory 
base for it, of similar material and color. On the southerly face 
of the die are carved, in incised Roman letters, the words of 



Page forty 



Benjamin Ide Wheeler, President of the University of California, 
on the occasion of McKinley's investiture with the degree of 
Doctor of Laws. As inscribed, the tense only is modified from 
the original. 

WILLIAM McKINLEY 

President of the United States 

A STATESMAN SINGULARLY GIFTED TO UNITE THE DIS- 
CORDANT FORCES OF GOVERNMENT AND MOULD THE 
DIVERSE PURPOSES OF MEN TOWARD PROGRESSIVE AND 
SALUTARY ACTION — A MAGISTRATE WHOSE POISE OF 
JUDGMENT WAS TESTED AND VINDICATED IN A SUCCES- 
SION OF NATIONAL EMERGENCIES — GOOD CITIZEN — 
BRAVE SOLDIER— WISE EXECUTIVE — HELPER AND LEADER 
OF MEN — EXEMPLAR TO HIS PEOPLE OF THE VIRTUES 
THAT BUILD AND CONSERVE THE STATE, SOCIETY, AND 
THE HOME. 

On the reverse of the die is recorded the fact that 

This Memorial was erected by the contribu- 
tions OF MORE THAN ONE MILLION MEN, WOMEN AND 
CHILDREN IN THE UNITED STATES AND MANY OTHERS 
IN FOREIGN LANDS. 

The pedestal was carefully subordinated to the statue, its 
simplicity of outline serving as a foil to the more complicated 
lines and masses of the sculptor's work. 

Charles Henry Niehaus, a native of Ohio, but resident in 
New York City, was commissioned by the Association to execute 
this noble portrait. McKinley is represented in one of the atti- 
tudes assumed by him during his memorable last speech but a 
few hours before his assassination in Buffalo. The weight of the 
figure rests almost equally on both feet, the left slightly advanced. 
The right hand is thrust into the trousers pocket, the arm holding 
back the coat. The left arm is bent, the forearm slightly extended 
to the front, and the hand holds a sheaf of manuscript. The 

Page forty -one 



head is a splendid likeness, expressing all his power and benignity. 
Mr. Niehaus has succeeded in treating the usually unmanageable 
frock coat in such a masterly manner that grace and easy flow of 
line are added to the majesty of the portrait. Behind the Presi- 
dent is a chair of state (designed for the sculptor by the architect, 
on Greek lines) with the American flag thrown over it, to give 
added mass and a sense of support to the figure which would 
otherwise have appeared unduly isolated, and contribute to a 
composition that has rarely been equalled in American portrait 
sculpture. The statue is nine feet and six inches high from 
crown to sole. The pedestal, including the bronze plinth, is 
thirteen feet and six inches high, seven feet and three inches 
wide and ten feet and three inches in length. 

By a fortunate concurrence of conditions the statue, as seen 
from above at the door of the Mausoleum, falls exactly within 
the confines of the Long Water, which acts for it from this 
point as a background and a frame. 

The original contours of the hill were very materially 
changed, over thirty-five thousand cubic yards having been 
moved to create four terraces coinciding in height and pitch 
with the four runs of steps in the main stair-case. These terraces 
are circular in plan, the arcs having their center in the Mauso- 
leum. At the level of the wide central landing where the statue 
stands is a broad footpath rising gradually toward the extreme 
rear, where it connects with the northerly arm of the cross. To 
the east and west it gives access to the two minor staircases, 
twenty-five feet wide in the clear, the runs corresponding to 
one and a half flights of the main steps. This path is to provide 
constantly changing points of view sufficiently close to the Mau- 
soleum for examination of its details without loss of general mass 
and proportion. The three staircases lead up to a circular em- 
placement or platform one hundred and seventy-eight feet in 
diameter, paved with granolithic and bordered by a granite 



Page forty-two 





Courtney Studio, t anton, 0. 



THE NIEHAUS STATUE 



coping similar in dimensions and detail to the cheeks of the steps. 
The foundations of platform and staircases is an interesting sys- 
tem of re-inforced concrete piers and girders — the first use of 
this method of construction in monumental work of this character. 
The Mausoleum is a circular, domical structure of an ex- 
terior diameter of seventy-five feet above the base and ninety- 
seven feet high from the circular platform to the highest point, 
with a flat pavilion projecting slightly on the entrance or southerly 
side. It is without windows, and is lighted entirely through the 
oculus or opening in the dome. The exterior is treated with a 
strong watertable and a band above it enriched with flat projecting 
panels. Over this rises a perfectly plain wall with an architrave, 
frieze and cornice near the top. The frieze is decorated with 
heavy votive garlands of ivy much conventionalized, a version 
of the Greek treatment of the Hedera Helix. The only other 
decoration in this entablature is a line of strong dentils in the 
cornice. The entrance pavilion is approached by a short flight 
of steps leading to a lofty arched doorway set in an arched recess. 
The entablature of the circular portion of the building is carried 
across the pavilion, the architrave and frieze being interrupted 
over the doorway by a long panel, flanked at either end with a 
palm branch and wreath of immortelles. The panel bears this 
inscription in square-sunk letters: 

1843 In Memohiam 1901 

WILLIAM McKINLEY 

President of the United States 

Above the lower drum just described is another, somewhat 
smaller in diameter, treated with very flat, wide pilasters, con- 
fining shallow recessed panels with a disc in the center of each, 
supporting a cornice secondary in importance to that on the 
lower drum. Above the cornice the wall continues for about 
three feet, the top accented by a slight embattlement. Above 

Page forty-three 



this again, slightly recedent, is a strong step from which springs 
the dome terminated by a battlemented civic crown. Some dis- 
tance below the crown a great wreath of laurel, in gilded bronze, 
encircles the dome. Both of the drums are "battered" or in- 
clined inward from a vertical line, the lower drum being sixteen 
inches less in diameter at the top than at the bottom, and the 
upper diminishing in proportion. 

The entire exterior is constructed of pink Milford granite, 
including the covering of the dome. 

It was a difficult question to determine exactly how to pro- 
portion the details to the mass, in a structure so isolated, visible 
at a great distance, and yet subject also to close inspection and 
study. The answer seemed to be found in such simplicity of out- 
line and clear definition of the main masses of light and shade 
that they would carry a long distance, and in such refinement of 
the profiles of the individual parts as would satisfy the eye when 
seen nearby. 

The interior is also circular, fifty feet in diameter in its 
least dimension and seventy-seven feet from the floor to the eye 
of the dome. 

An unusual and interesting problem was here presented for 
solution. In the tombs of Napoleon and of Grant the sarcophagi 
repose in a crypt and are seen from above; but it seemed to the 
architect that it would be far more dignified and impressive to 
raise the double sarcophagus above the Mortuary Chamber floor 
so that visitors should lift their eyes to the illustrious dead. 
The sarcophagus was to be made double to contain the bodies 
of the President and Mrs. McKinley and to appear as two in 
one. The width of both exactly equalled the length of one, result- 
ing in a square of considerable bulk, set in a circular room of 
comparatively small diameter. The difficulty was to treat this 
room so that the mass of the sarcophagi and the socle or base 
on which they rest would have a proper relation to the walls. 

Page forty-four 



It was solved by creating four recesses or "bays" on the four 
cardinal axes, and relating the sarcophagi to these recesses with 
a floor design of colored marbles, of which the dominant feature 
is a Greek cross whose ends extend into the bays, with the 
sarcophagi at the intersection of the arms. The relation was 
further emphasized by repeating the color of the walls in the 
general field of the floor, and that of the sarcophagi in the cross. 

The bays are treated as arched recesses, flanked by engaged 
Doric columns, three feet and three inches in diameter, resting 
on a socle and surmounted by an entablature. Over each arch 
are keystones on which eagles are sculptured, poised as if pre- 
paring for flight, with wings half outspread and holding the 
conventional thunderbolt, wreathed with olive, in their talons. 
The keystones themselves bear the thirteen stripes of the flag, 
the composition expressing by a simple symbolism the national 
character of the Memorial. Something in the attitude of these 
four great birds gives them the aspect of guardians keeping 
watch and ward eternally over the dead. 

In the frieze of the entablature over the columns is graven 
a sentence from the President's last speech at Buffalo: 

Let us ever remember that our interest is 
in concord, not conflict, and that our real emi- 
nence rests in the victories of peace, not those 

OF WAR. 

This inscription begins at the center opposite the entrance 
door and runs entirely around the frieze. 

The cornice is slightly enriched with dentils. 

From the floor to the top of the cornice the walls are faced 
with an ashlar of light grey Tennessee marble from the "Grey 
Eagle" quarries at Knoxville, many of the stones being extremely 
large, and none less than four inches thick. 

Above the marble cornice is an attic with pilasters over the 
columns and recessed panels over the recesses below. At each 



Page forty-five 



end of the panels is an inverted torch, emblematic of death. 
Over the attic is a secondary cornice, separating it from the 
dome which is paneled with simple coffers without mouldings. 
The opening or oculus in the center is bordered with a raised 
band with a Greek fret, and is filled with a ceiling light (only 
partially glazed, for ventilation), in which forty -five stars are 
set, representing the States of the Republic at the date of Mc- 
Kinley's death. The attic and dome are finished with a Portland 
cement stucco of a tone similar to the light grey marble of the 
lower walls. 

Ornament is very sparingly employed, and that only of the 
most serious and quiet character. Every moulding was carefully 
studied with reference to its position. Lighting and height from 
the eye and comparison of the drawings with their effect in execu- 
tion reveals many refinements of detail to accomplish the results 
desired. 

In the center of this simple and solemn Mortuary Chamber 
are the sarcophagi designed to appear as two in one, each hewn 
from single blocks of polished, dark green granite from Windsor, 
Vermont, and covered with heavy, plainly moulded tops of the 
same material. Around both sarcophagi near the top is a band 
of laurel in relief, gilded and toned to relieve, and harmonize 
with, the granite. This wreath, binding the two sepulchres to- 
gether, may be interpreted as symbolizing the victory of love and 
constancy over death. On the ends facing the door, in bronze 
letters let into the granite and gold-plated, are inscribed the sim- 
ple names: "WILLIAM McKINLEY," "IDA McKINLEY." 
On the sides are large rings cut out of the solid granite. Directly 
under them are conventional "bearers" on which the sarcophagi 
rest, their ends carved with highly conventionalized lions' heads, 
lying athwart the socle or base, of polished "Black Berlin" 
granite from Wisconsin. This granite closely resembles porphyry 
in many respects, especially in its color, a very dark maroon, 

Page forty-six 






o 



1* 



f ' 



Courtney Studio, Canton, 0. 



INTERIOR nl 1111 



MAUSOLEUM -THE SARCOPHAG 



almost black, of precisely the proper color value required. The 
socle has a base moulding carved with strong reeds bound to- 
gether with simple bands. Above it the die inclines inward, 
opposing the lines of the sarcophagi, and has a strong, simple 
cornice enriched with a Greek fret in relief. Around the sar- 
cophagi and their supporting socle is a low parapet of Knoxville 
marble. 

At the left of the entrance doorway is a room for the Custo- 
dian, with a stairway leading to the crypt. From this room the 
upper part of the structure is reached by a ladder. Corresponding 
with this room on the right is a room for the archives of the 
Association. Simple bronze doors shut these rooms off from the 
Mortuary Chamber. 

The great entrance doors are set between pilasters carrying 
cornices with semi-circular panels or "lunettes" above, all of 
bronze, a material which permits much enrichment without 
creating an effect of undue display. The doors themselves are 
six inches thick, and are each paneled with twenty-seven small 
coffers having richly ornamented mouldings with rosettes of 
alternating design set in them. At the intersections of the rails 
and stiles separating the panels project ornamental bosses, and 
a large ring or pull is set at a convenient height above the 
threshold, in each door, depending from a scroll issuing from 
one of the rosettes. In the panels of the pilasters are inverted 
torches of mortuary significance. The inner side of each door 
is treated with three very shallow panels studded around the 
edges with ornamental bosses at intervals. The inner lunette is 
treated with a large bas-relief trophy composed of architectural 
conventions representing peace, plenty, war, the symbols of gov- 
ernment, and groups of flags. 

The outer lunette, like the statue, is the work of Mr. Niehaus, 
and represents the Victories of Peace. The Republic, typified by 
a seated female figure with the segis on her breast, extends with 

Page forty-seveo 



both hands an ample cloak, expressing her protection of all that is 
worthy in her domain. On her right, War, personified by a youth, 
lays at her feet his sword and shield wreathed about with laurel. 
On her left another youth submits the products of industry. As 
a background a tree of laurel spreads its leaves, and in the whole 
composition the sculptor has sought to express the flowering and 
fruition of peace. 

The prototypes of the Mausoleum should be sought in the 
ancient world, where was developed from the rude, conical 
mound of earth, of earlier times, heaped over the bodies of the 
slain, such tombs as that of Cecselia Metella on the Appian Way 
and Hadrian's Tomb now known as the Castle of S. Angelo. This 
process of development is not without interest. The earthen 
mound becoming eroded from various causes, it became the 
custom to protect its base with a rough wall of stone. In the 
course of time this wall was given more and more importance and 
received the dignity of an architectural treatment. The conical 
mound of earth diminished in importance in relation to the wall. 
In Hadrian's Tomb, which was of vast size, it was planted with 
trees to the summit. In later times, in the Byzantine epoch, we 
find a further development of the type in the domical tomb of 
Theodoric. Between this monument and the McKinley Mauso- 
leum is an unbridged gap of fifteen hundred years. It has been 
stated that the circular form was chosen as best adapted to the 
original shape of the hill on which it was to stand. A further 
reason was the feeling that a reversion to the type above de- 
scribed, as being unmistakably a tomb form, was distinctly 
desirable; and again, a circular structure presents the same aspect 
and proportions from whatever angle it may be viewed. 

Having described the outer aspect of the Memorial, traced 
the development of the design and resolved it into its elements, 
analyzed the principal esthetic reasons underlying the choice of 
motifs and their treatment, and touched upon the symbolism 

Page forty-eight 








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r|fr — 






i 

i 


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Courtney Studio, Canton, 0. 



ENTRANCE TO THE MAUSOLEUM 



that gives it life and meaning, it remains to review its construc- 
tion. 

The competition for the selection of an architect was decided 
in October, 1904. The winter was occupied in the preparation 
of the working drawings and specifications, and on May 31, 1905, 
a contract for the Mausoleum, circular platform, steps and 
Plaza masonry, was entered into with the Harrison Granite Com- 
pany of New York City, whose principal sub-contractors were 
George W. Maltby & Sons of Buffalo, New York. On the same 
date a contract with the Gorham Manufacturing Company of 
New York City and Providence, Rhode Island, was executed, 
for the interior and exterior bronze doors and the bronze wreath 

of the dome. 

On the 6th of June following, Mr. Magonigle, in the pres- 
ence of Mr. Frederic S. Hartzell, Mr. George W. Maltby, Mr. 
John H. Holl and Mr. Crossley, removed the first spadeful of 
earth from the exact center of the Mausoleum. Grading on the 
approaches began on June 19, 1905. The work of actual excava- 
tion for the Mausoleum began on July 20th. In the meantime 
the contractors were making preparations to commence the ma- 
sonry; the quarrying of granite was started at the quarries of 
the Massachusetts Pink Granite Company at Milford, Massa- 
chusetts; and the delivery of apparatus and material was begun. 

By November 16th the foundations were all in place, and a 
considerable portion of the granite work and backing, up to the 
level of the corner-stone, was built. 

On that date the Trustees of the Memorial Association came 
together in Canton. Although they had caused it to be announced 
that the exercises of placing the corner-stone would be brief and 
informal, and notwithstanding the weather was severely inclem- 
ent, a great concourse of people gathered about the mass of un- 
finished stone work when the hour arrived, and witnessed the 
ceremony that evidenced the sincerity of purpose and fore- 



Page forty-nine 



shadowed the completed project of those who had the great 
enterprise in hand. Mrs. McKinley with the immediate members 
of her family were witnesses from a stand erected on the founda- 
tion walls, and Mr. Justice Day presided. The services were 
simple but very impressive. There were musical numbers com- 
prising McKinley's favorite hymns and prayer by the Reverend 
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Pastor of Canton's First Methodist 
Episcopal Church, and an address by President Day, in which 
he gave an epitome of the work contemplated by the Association 
and a description of what had been accomplished. A copper 
casket containing data as to McKinley's life was deposited, the 
great block of granite was lowered and cemented to its place, 
and the Memorial Association's cause declared consecrated to 
William McKinley's memory. 

Work then ceased for the winter, and the structure was 
housed over. While the masonry proceeded to this point, grading 
and excavating had been carried forward on the hill and down 
the approaches, and advantage taken of all the open weather 
during the remainder of the Fall and Winter of 1905-6. 

Nine States of the Union contributed material for the 
Memorial. Ohio, McKinley's own State, supplied material for 
the concrete, all of the brick and much of the labor. Massachu- 
setts provided the exterior granite; Tennessee the marble walls 
and pedestal and part of the marble floor; New York, Pennsyl- 
vania and Vermont the balance. From Vermont also came the 
sarcophagi, and Wisconsin was drawn upon for their base and 
for the granite slabs in the floor. The sky-light was made in 
Illinois, and the bronze cast in Rhode Island. Men of many 
nationalities and races were employed upon it, and a negro from 
a distant southern State traveled all the way to Canton to ask 
for employment because he admired and loved McKinley. 

The Harrison Granite Company was represented by Mr. 
J. J. Woodard acting as their Superintendent. George W. Maltby 

Page fifty 



& Sons' work was done under the efficient supervision of their 
foreman, Mr. Benjamin Cunliffe. David K. Robertson was their 
head setter, and Messrs. Lake and De Plato executed the larger 
part of the marble carving. Messrs. Neumann & Even of New 
York did the carving of the granite. The interests of the Massa- 
chusetts Pink Granite Company were in the hands of Mr. Johns- 
ton. 

In the Fall of 1906 the Association secured the services of 
Mr. George B. Sud worth, Chief of the Forestry Division of the 
Department of Agriculture, to inspect the existing trees and make 
recommendations as to their proper preservation and as to the 
best varieties to plant when the time should come to finish the 
landscape architecture. The architect based his specifications 
upon Mr. Sudworth's admirable report, prepared a general plant- 
ing plan, and called for bids. 

Messrs. Wadley & Smythe, the well-known landscape con- 
tractors of New York, were awarded the execution of the work, 
and began operations in February of 1907, placing their Super- 
intendent, Mr. Charles Anderson, in local charge and transplant- 
ing from nearby farms to the hill behind the Mausoleum, to fill 
out and enlarge the existing grove, forty-two full-sized maples 
and elms. 

In May the entire work of grading, both rough and finished, 
was turned over to Mr. Smythe to push to completion by Sep- 
tember, with the planting. At this time the grounds were in a 
very rough condition, the grading far from being completed, but 
little finished grading done, and no roads built. Matters im- 
proved immediately, and the landscape began to take on a more 
finished aspect. In June sodding began, and on the 18th of that 
month the first grass was sown, and cut two weeks later. On 
Dedication Day the Association's guests were received in a 
finished park of twenty-six acres, lawns, trees and shrubs pro- 
ducing the impression of long establishment and growth, when, 

Page fifty-one 



as a matter of fact, but six months had elapsed from the time the 
first tree was planted on bare, rough ground. 

Mr. Smythe interpreted the architect's suggestions with 
rare, artistic judgment and skill. Sugar maples (Acer Saccharum) 
had been selected as shade trees for the approach roads, and three 
hundred and fifty large specimens, of a nearly uniform caliper 
of six inches, and eighteen to twenty feet high, were delivered 
and planted, those not needed for the "mall" being planted 
elsewhere on the grounds to replace any that might fail there. 

Several carloads of rhododendrons were massed on the ter- 
race on the north side of the Plaza, and in other large groups at 
the Linden Avenue entrance and southeast of the Plaza. Com- 
posed with the rhododendrons on the terraces large cedars give 
accent and character, their vertical columns of almost black 
foliage repeating and supporting the upright mass of the adjacent 
statue and pedestal. 

Other evergreens of varied species, including Retinosporas 
and some splendid specimens of the Blue Spruce, complete these 
distinguished groups. 

At the foot of the east and west steps the circular path is 
enlarged, and the space defined by low, broad hedges of privet. 
Groups of evergreens and of Lombardy poplars are planted here. 
The northerly arm of the cross is also enclosed by privet hedges. 
Along the westerly and southerly boundaries of the property 
plantations of poplars, planes and masses of shrubs were estab- 
lished in accordance with the original plan. 

The landscape thus created has unusual distinction both in 
the modeling of the ground surfaces and in the planting. It is 
dignified and simple, and the effects are produced entirely by 
broad masses of varied tones of green near the principal axis, 
flowering shrubs and trees with colored foliage being confined to 
the boundary lines. This, of course, refers to the effect in Spring 
and Summer. In the Autumn the maples along the mall show 



Page 6fty-two 



magnificent masses of rich color; the flowering shrubs have passed 
their time of blooming, and the color effect is exactly reversed. 
All these subtleties of composition combine to produce an effect 
upon the observer which he may not be able to analyze, but 
cannot fail to feel. 

On the afternoon of the day of dedication, September 30, 
1907, the architect turned the key in the door of the Mausoleum, 
twenty-four days less than three years after the date of the 
award of the competition, exactly two years and four months 
from the date of the principal contracts, and two years, three 
months and eleven days from the day when actual work began, 
an unusual record in point of time, combined with quality in 
execution, for a work of this character and magnitude. 



Page fifty-three 



CHAPTER V 

THE DEDICATION OF THE MEMORIAL 

At a meeting of the Trustees of the Memorial Association in 
Canton, on the 4th of October, 1906, it was decided to make pre- 
liminary arrangements for the dedication of the monument, and 
President Day appointed as a permanent committee on dedica- 
tion, with plenary powers, the following: 

President William R. Day Mr. William A. Lynch 

Mr. William McConway Mr. Charles G. Dawes 

Mr. Charles W. Fairbanks Mr. George B. Cortelyou 

Mr. Myron T. Herrick 

At this meeting President Day directed that Arthur R. 
Turnbull, the Mayor of Canton, be requested to appoint a com- 
mittee of citizens to co-operate with the Trustees of the Associa- 
tion, on behalf of the people of Canton, in the preparation and 
management of the affairs of the dedication. At the same time 
a formal petition was made to Governor Harris that he should 
supply State troops for police duty at the time of the dedication, 
and a like request was made of the Secretary of War for United 
States troops. 

At a subsequent meeting of the Trustees in Canton, held on 
the 19th of June, 1907, Senator Charles Dick of Ohio, Major- 
General commanding the Ohio troops, was present by invitation 
and accepted the appointment by President Day as Chief 
Marshal for the dedication occasion. At this meeting the pro- 
gram for the day was submitted by the Chairman of the Pro- 
gram Committee, Mr. George B. Cortelyou, and approved by 
the Trustees. It was as follows: 

Page 6fty-five 



ORDER OF EXERCISES 

Meeting called to order by Hon. William R. Day, President of The McKinley 
National Memorial Association, and introduction of Hon. A. L. Harris, 
Governor of Ohio, as President of the Day. 

Invocation, Rev. Frank M. Bristol, D.D., Pastor Metropolitan M. E. Church, 
Washington, D. C. 

Opening address by the President of the Day. 

"Star Spangled Banner," by the Grand Army Band of Canton, the Canton 
Singers' Club and the entire assemblage, E. Reinkendorff, Conductor. 

Address, "The Building of the Memorial," by the President of the Associa- 
tion. 

Unveiling of bronze statue of William McKinley by Miss Helen McKinley. 

Poem, James Whitcomb Riley. 

Oration, by the President of the United States. 

"America," by the Grand Army Band of Canton, the Canton Singers' Club, 
and the entire assemblage. 

Benediction, the Right Reverend Ignatius F. Horstmann, D.D., Bishop of 
Cleveland. 

Following the approval of the program a committee consist- 
ing of President William R. Day, Mr. Charles W. Fairbanks and 
Mr. George B. Cortelyou called upon President Roosevelt and 
invited him to deliver the principal oration, and upon obtaining 
his consent the public was at once notified that definite arrange- 
ments for the day had been concluded, and the program was 
generally published. 

Formal invitations, of which the following is a copy, were 
prepared in due time: 

The Trustees of 

The McKinley National Memorial Association 

request the honor of 

your presence at the ceremonies attending the dedication 

of the monument erected in memory of 

WILLIAM McKINLEY 

at one o'clock, on Monday, the thirtieth of September 

One thousand, nine hundred and seven 

at Canton, Ohio 



Page fifty-six 



OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES OF 
THE McKINLEY NATIONAL MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION 






n I I HI '-in: \ i 'I'll K, 1'KI \M REK 




11[H\I \N in. I A\ 



III SHY T. SCOTT 



F,W BI.OOMINQDALE 



OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES OF 
THE McKINLEY NATIONAL MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION 




HENRY i- PAYNE 



w mi i;kvi i 



III s II\M\|()MI 



OFFICERS AM) TRUSTEES OF 
THE McKINLEY NATIONAL MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION 




AVSTIN LYNCH 



]JA\ 11) 1( I RAN'CIS 



K s. \miu.i v 



OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES OF 
THE McKINLEY NATIONAL MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION 




I Rl 1,1 RJ< S ll\['l/l IX,SE< HI I \1A 





RYERSON RITCIin ,S1 I Rl I >!'' 




R S SHIEIJDS 



11 VAN BUR] N MAOONIQIX.ARCHITECT 



The oration will be delivered by 

Theodore Roosevelt 

President of the United States 



TRUSTEES 



William R. Day 
Myron T. Herrick 
Cornelius N. Bliss 
Thomas Dolan 
W. Murray Crane 
Alexander H. Re veil 
Charles W. Fairbanks 
Henry M. Duffield 
George B. Cortelyou 
Ell Torrance 

Henry W 

Secretary 
Ryerson Ritchie 



John G. Milburn 
William McConway 
David R. Francis 
Robert J. Lowry 
Henry T. Scott 
Franklin Murphy 
E. W. Bloomingdale 
James A. Gary 
Horace H. Lurton 
Charles G. Dawes 
Harter 

Assistant Secretary 
Frederic S. Hartzell 



COMMITTEES ON INVITATIONS 



For The McKinley National 
Memorial Association: 

Myron T. Herrick 
George B. Cortelyou 
E. W. Bloomingdale 
Robert J. Lowry 
James A. Gary 
Alexander H. Re veil 



For the City of Canton, 

Ohio: 
Andrew M. McCarty 
Josiah Hartzell 
Charles Kirchbaum 
Thomas F. Turner 
A. Donald McCarty 
James J. Grant 
A. R. Turnbull 



These were sent to five thousand of those whose association 
with McKinley in public or private life, or whose connection with 
national affairs during the McKinley administrations, suggested 
the propriety of their attendance. 

To care for the vast assemblage whose presence was indicated 
immediately by notice direct, through the Trustees and through 
the press, the Reception Committees of the Association and the 



Page fifty-seven 



Canton Citizens' Committee arranged in the most thorough and 
ample manner possible to accommodate the largest number of 
visitors available space would permit. The spacious plaza known 
as the "public square" of Canton was selected as an appropriate 
point for the review of such organized bodies as should be invited, 
and here was built a stand to accommodate the Speaker's party, 
the Trustees of the Memorial Association and their friends, 
together with the especial guests of the Citizens' Committee of 
Canton. It accommodated one thousand, but various other 
stands were so disposed on the square that, together with the 
tall buildings that rose behind them, they formed a splendid 
amphitheatre from which the impressive tableau of the parade 
before the Nation's Chief Executive was witnessed by a body of 
people only limited in number by the actual space. 

While the earlier indications did not promise perfect weather, 
the clouds that caused some apprehension for a time, gradually 
broke as if in sympathy with the sentiment that was predominant 
beneath them, and before the program was well inaugurated the 
whole great nature play was proceeding not only with marvelous 
precision and beauty, but set in the splendor of a perfect day. 

President Roosevelt and his associates arrived in Canton at 
ten o'clock in the morning. They were welcomed by a party 
consisting of Mr. Justice Day and Mr. George B. Cortelyou, 
Secretary of the Treasury, on the part of the Memorial Associa- 
tion, and, as representatives of the Canton Citizens' Committee, 
its Chairman, the Hon. Arthur R. Turnbull, the Chairman of its 
Reception Committee, Hon. Julius Whiting, Jr., together with 
Josiah Hartzell, W. R. Timken and George H. Clark of that 
Committee. 

With a brilliant escort this party was driven to the reviewing 
stand through a mass of humanity so compact that thoroughfare 
was only preserved by the rigid discipline maintained by a cordon 
of soldiers on either side of the route pursued. This journey to 



Page fifty-eight 



the stand was so disposed that the party was driven past the 
Canton High School building, and here the Citizens' Committee 
had arranged one of the most beautiful of the picturesque effects 
that made their work notable. A stand had been built on the 
school lot to so accommodate the children, about fifteen hundred 
in number, and by appropriate costuming the whole formed a 
huge, live American flag. The effect was one of great human 
beauty, and at the approach of the President's party, when the 
banner broke into harmony, singing the National Hymn, the 
clear young voices gave thrilling life to the picture. 

The President arrived at the reviewing stand shortly before 
eleven o'clock, and presently the head of the procession appeared. 
During the hour that followed, this rostrum was a place of intense 
interest. Out at the rail in front, and looking directly into the 
faces of the marching men stood President Roosevelt, with 
Governor Harris and Mayor Turnbull on either side. There 
they received and returned the greetings of each organization as 
it filed by; while in the rear, and earnestly joining in the pro- 
ceedings, was a party that included many of the most distin- 
guished men of the Nation and representatives of other govern- 
ments. 

Promptly at twelve o'clock the President and his party, with 
the Trustees of the Association and their guests, were taken 
from the reviewing stand to the Canton Auditorium, where they 
were served with luncheon. 

While the distinguished guests of the Memorial Association 
and the City of Canton were being entertained at the Auditorium, 
the great crowds that had witnessed the spectacle on the Square 
and in the principal streets surged toward Monument Hill, where 
every possible arrangement had been made for their accommo- 
dation. 

Here the Association had caused to be erected a rostrum for 
the accommodation of the speakers and those of their immediate 

Page 6fty-ninc 



party, at the base of the grand stairway leading to the Mausoleum 
and in the shadow of the great bronze statue of McKinley. In 
the rear of this platform, ranged on the stairway and rising to- 
wards the statue, were seats for the several hundred invited 
guests of the official party; and higher up on the steps was placed 
the Grand Army Band, a musical organization that has gained 
national fame through its constant attendance at public functions 
in honor of McKinley. With this Band was the Canton Singers' 
Club, a chorus of one hundred and fifty trained male voices, and 
these two organizations supplied the splendid musical numbers 
that were an important part of the day's program. 

Facing the President's stand and covering the broad plaza 
that lies southward of the grand stairway, was a great range of 
elevated seats accommodating more than three thousand spec- 
tators, the tiers of chairs rising from a point twenty feet from the 
speakers' stand to an elevation of fifty feet in the rear, and in 
the space directly facing the speakers' stand chairs were provided 
for the veterans of the Twenty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 
McKinley's regiment, and for the Gate City Guards, that famous 
band representing the chivalry of the old South, that had come 
in a body from its home in Atlanta to the funeral of McKinley 
six years before, and was here again to do a last homage at his 
tomb. 

When luncheon at the Auditorium was concluded the Presi- 
dent, the Trustees and those of the official party went directly 
to the Monument, arriving just before two o'clock, and the 
ceremony of dedication was promptly begun. 

At two o'clock Mr. Justice Day, the President of the Me- 
morial Association, arose and introduced Hon. A. C. Harris, 
Governor of Ohio, as the president of the day. The silence of 
the immense concourse was most impressive. The gavel of the 
presiding officer, a beautiful emblem of authority carved from 
the Tennessee marble used in the Mausoleum and presented by 

Page sixty 



Mr. George W. Maltby, the contractor for the marble and 
granite work, was delivered to him in brief words of introduction, 
and the Governor at once introduced McKinley's former pastor, 
the Reverend Frank M. Bristol, D.D., Pastor of the Metropolitan 
M. E. Church of Washington, D. C., who delivered the following 
invocation : 

Almighty and everliving God, before whom angels bow and archangels 
veil their faces, we worship Thee not as they who see only clouds and darkness 
round about Thee, but as they who believe that God is light. "Thou coverest 
Thyself with light as with a garment." "Thou that dwellest between the 
cherubim," shine forth, that this hour and place may see Thy glory and Thy 
people behold a proof of Thy loving favor. While we adore Thee as the God 
who inhabiteth Eternity, without beginning or end of days, the very monu- 
ments we build over the dust of love and life remind us of the sad tragedy 
of our mortality and the limitations of all human greatness. "What is man 
that Thou art mindful of him or the son of man that Thou visitest him?" 
Yet the Lord hath made us and not we ourselves, and "in Thee we live and 
move and have our being." 

We would acknowledge Thee in all our ways and seek the guidance of 
Thy wisdom in all our undertakings. Whatsoever we do in word or deed we 
would do all in the name of the Lord. In the name of our God would we 
enter upon the solemn duties of this hour. So we supplicate Thy divine 
favor. O God ! we would not be unmindful of the blessings which Thou hast 
bestowed upon us and which Thou didst grant to our fathers before us. We 
gratefully adore Thee as the God from whom all blessings flow, the Father 
of Light "from whom cometh every good and perfect gift." 

We thank Thee for our liberties and laws and for the institutions of 
free government in a land where "mercy and truth are met together," and 
where "righteousness and peace have kissed each other." 

We thank Thee for the prosperity of the people in the good land to 
which Thou didst lead them, a land of brooks and water, of fountains and 
depths that spring out of valleys and hills; a land of wheat and barley and 
vines and fig-trees and pomegranates, a land of oil-olive and honey; a land in 
which we eat bread without scarceness, a land whose stones are iron, and out 
of whose hills we dig brass, yea, and silver and gold; a land whose pastures 
are clothed with flocks and whose valleys are covered over with corn. Here 



ge sixty-one 



dost Thou open Thine hand to "satisfy the desire of every living thing." "Thou 
hast not dealt so with any nation." 

We thank Thee for religion, for the gospel of truth and righteousness, 
goodwill and brotherhood, of faith and hope and sweet charity, for the Gospel 
in which "life and immortality are brought to light" for the revelation of 
Thy Word which has become a "lamp to our feet and a light to our path." 
Surely "blessed is that people whose God is the Lord." May we have "no 
other gods before Thee." May we aspire to "the righteousness that exalteth 
a nation" and eschew "the sin that is a reproach to any people." 

We thank Thee for all the good and wise among men who have served 
Thee and blessed our country in the teaching of truth and in the promotion 
of the interests of the people in knowledge, virtue, freedom and happiness. 
Thou didst give to us the man whose memory we would honor in these 
piled stones. Thou didst fashion him for his high place and furnish him for 
his great work. And Thou didst call him from among the people to serve them. 

We thank Thee for what he was in the purity and beauty of his character, 
in his courage and chivalry, in his wise statesmanship and high patriotism, 
in his Christian faith and charity. 

While "justice and judgment are the habitation of Thy throne," we 
humble ourselves in repentance over that sin by which the life of this good 
man and great President was destroyed. And yet we rejoice again in his faith 
by which he triumphed gloriously over death and strengthened amid the 
victim's confidence in God and immortality. 

Bless now, Lord, the efforts of Thy people to honor and perpetuate 
the memory of him whom Thou didst give to them as a leader. May we not 
dedicate this monument to Thee, our God, when we dedicate it to those 
virtues which Thou hast taught men to cultivate and to practice? Thou 
alone art just. There is none good but one, that is God, but Thou dost make 
Thy sons good by Thy grave and Thou dost make them great by Thy power. 

Here, O God, may the generations as they pass learn the lessons of 
personal honor and virtue, of civic righteousness and national patriotism as 
exemplified in the character and life of him whose precious dust this monu- 
ment entombs. And here may aspiring youth to the latest posterity be 
taught that the greatness that merits and wins immortal fame is to be found 
in the service by which a lasting good is wrought for country and humanity. 
While this monument shall stand, may our country never want for men such 
as was this man, to preserve her integrity, to maintain her laws, to perpetuate 



Page sixty-two 



her liberties, to augment her righteous power, and to exalt her destiny among 
the nations of the earth. 

God bless our country; close not Thy hand against us. Teach us Thy 
ways and lead us in a plain path. Make wars to cease, Thou who stillest the 
noise of the seas, the roaring of the waves and the tumult of the people. The 
Lord give strength to His people; the Lord bless His people with peace. And 
may they ever emulate the virtues of those who have gone before us, even 
aspiring to the higher excellencies of which our fathers had but the distant 
vision and the dream. 

Bless this day. Thy servants, the President and Vice-President of the 
United States, the Governor of this Commonwealth, the Governors of the 
States of our National Union, the Judges of our land, the makers of our laws, 
and the multitude of the people. 

Bless the Trustees of this Association, who have so faithfully discharged 
the duties of this office. 

Bless the artists, artisans and toilers who have wrought so beautifully 
and well to bring this fabric to perfection. 

And bless the living kindred of those who sleep beneath this monument 
where finally their dust shall mingle as their spirits did mingle in the mystical 
union of sacred and exalted love. 

Grant to us all the inspiration of Thy Holy Spirit that "the words of 
our mouths and the meditations of our hearts may be acceptable in Thy 
sight, O Lord, our Strength and our Redeemer." In the name of honor and 
righteousness, in the name of patriotism and unselfish service, in the name 
of the Christ that is and that is to be we dedicate this monument to Thee and 
to the memory of our noble dead whose chief glory it was to call man his 
brother and God his Father. 

Glory be to the Father and to the Son and to the Holy Ghost. As it 
was in the beginning, is now, and ever shall be, world without end. Amen. 

After the invocation Governor Harris made the opening 
address as follows: 

I thank you, Mr. Justice Day, and your associates of The McKinley 
National Memorial Association, for the very great honor that you have con- 
ferred on me in inviting me to preside over the exercises of this memorable 
dedication. It is indeed an honor to present at any time to any audience the 
President of the United States. But on this occasion when we are assembled 
to reverence the memory of another President of the United States, one who 



Page sixty-three 



had long been the idol of our State before he became President, it is impos- 
sible for me to give due expression to my appreciation of such manifold honor 
at your hands. 

It is a distinction worthy of any ambition to have been preceded on the 
program of this day by one of the most eminent jurists of the highest court 
on earth and by one of the men in whom the lamented McKinley had the 
most unbounded confidence. Added to that most honorable association is 
that which follows in the course of these historic exercises in being called 
upon to present to you the worthy successor of our beloved McKinley. 

It was my fortune to have been associated with McKinley in State 
affairs, as it was that of Justice Day as a neighbor, of President Roosevelt 
in national affairs, and of other members of the McKinley Memorial Associa- 
tion in other capacities. All who knew him loved and admired him. He was 
worthy of their fullest confidence and equal to any emergency in either pri- 
vate or public life. 

I am not here to speak of him as a devoted husband, a sincere Christian, 
a brave soldier, a true gentleman, or a comprehensive statesman. That is the 
mission of one who is worthy of the great subject and equal to it in all that 
can be said of William McKinley. As we are to hear from one of the most 
distinguished sons of New York about our illustrious son of Ohio, I wish to 
point briefly to presidents from these two great commonwealths, to those men 
of Ohio and of New York who planted still higher the standard that had been 
upheld by those noble Americans in the succession from Washington to 
Lincoln. 

Almost forty years ago, a native of Ohio, General Ulysses S. Grant, 
became President of the United States. Two days hence the State officers and 
other? from different parts of Ohio will participate in the dedication of a 
tablet that is to mark the birth-place of that hero of the Civil War, in Clermont 
County, Ohio. General Grant's last residence was in New York and his tomb 
there will forever be the mecca of the Metropolis. 

Ever since the inauguration of Grant the destinies of this Nation have 
been in the hands of rulers from one or the other of the great States of Ohio 
and New York. The administrations of Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, 
Cleveland, Harrison, McKinley and Roosevelt cover one-third of the period 
of our history as a Nation. 

Of the eight presidents in that period five were natives of Ohio, and 
they had all been soldiers in the Civil War. They were the only Civil War 
veterans who reached the Presidency. The last in that eminent line of Union 



Page sixty-four 




Cmirlneu Sludin, Canton, 0. 



DEDICATING THE MEMORIAL 



soldiers to be honored with the highest office in the gift of the people was 
McKinley, one of the purest and noblest Americans of them all. McKinley 
had been a pupil of Grant, Hayes, Garfield and Harrison in war and in 
peace, and he added fresh laurels to the crowns of his elder comrades. 

In the alternation between Ohio and New York during the past four 
decades, none have contributed more to the honor and the glory of their 
country, to the prosperity and the welfare of the people, than the last 
two in the presidential succession. It is therefore eminently fitting that the 
great defender of popular rights, who took up the work when McKinley was 
stopped by the hand of the assassin, should be the one on this sacred occasion 
to speak of the life and services of the martyred President. 

At the close of his address the Governor announced the first 
musical number on the program, the "Star Spangled Banner," 
by the Grand Army Band and the Singers' Club, and asked 
that the audience lend their voices to the chorus. All arose and 
with bared heads, joined in giving to the splendid anthem an 
impressive rendition that will ever be remembered by those 
present. 

Following the program as arranged, President Day of The 
McKinley National Memorial Association was then called upon 
by Governor Harris and delivered an address with "The Building 
of the Memorial" as his theme. He said: 

The McKinley National Memorial Association to-day presents its com- 
pleted work to the Nation and people whose generosity has enabled it to be 

built. 

For six years the work of duty and devotion crowned by the ceremony 
of this day has been carried forward. On the day when the vast concourse of 
people who attended the funeral of the martyred President paid their tribute 
of affection and regret, a few friends remained to consider the matter of pro- 
viding the final resting-place and a suitable memorial to the lamented dead. 
Other places had been suggested, only one was seriously thought of. It was 
the known wish of William McKinley that when he should receive the final 
summons which comes to all, his body should rest among kindred and friends 
and with the beloved ones of his blood who had gone before. It was the 
undivided opinion of those assembled that at some spot near his old home, 



Page sixty-five 



near his kindred and among those loved ones, the place of sepulchre should 
be located. 

To make this purpose effectual no better means were suggested than 
the formation of a permanent society under the laws of Ohio, having for its 
objects the construction and maintenance of such a tomb and memorial. An 
executive committee had been appointed to have charge of the funeral cere- 
monies at Canton and this committee, consisting of Mayor James H. Robert- 
son, William A. Lynch, John C. Welty, F. E. Case, Henry W. Harter and 
William R. Day, on the twenty-sixth day of September, 1901, by the filing of 
the proper certificate, effected an organization under the name of The Mc- 
Kinley National Memorial Association, the purpose of which was declared to 
be the erection and maintenance at Canton, Ohio, of a suitable memorial to 
William McKinley, late President of the United States; the raising of the 
necessary funds, and, if any surplus be acquired, it should be devoted to such 
memorial as might be provided for the late President at Washington. It was 
resolved that the first Board of Trustees should be named by President 
Roosevelt, upon the suggestion of Mrs. McKinley. The President thereupon 
named: Marcus A. Hanna, Myron T. Herrick, William R. Day, William A. 
Lynch, of Ohio; Henry C. Payne, of Wisconsin; David R. Francis, of Mis- 
souri; Alexander H. Re veil, of Illinois; Franklin Murphy, of New Jersey; 
Henry M. Duffield, of Michigan; George B. Cortelyou, Cornelius N. Bliss, 
John G. Milburn, E. W. Bloomingdale, of New York; Ell Torrance, of Minne- 
sota; Robert J. Lowry, of Georgia; Eli S. Hammond, of Tennessee; Charles 
W. Fairbanks, of Indiana; William McConway, Thomas Dolan, of Pennsyl- 
vania; W. Murray Crane, of Massachusetts; Henry T. Scott, of California. 

To these was added the name of James A. Gary, of Maryland. On the 
tenth day of October, 1901, the oath of office was administered and a code of 
regulations governing the society was adopted, and the following officers 
chosen: President, William R. Day; Vice-President, Marcus A. Hanna; 
Treasurer, Myron T. Herrick; Secretary, Ryerson Ritchie. 

An appeal to the public was prepared and issued the same day. The 
object of the society was stated, and the hope was expressed that the memorial 
would be the sincere expression of all the people of the country of their love 
for William McKinley and their admiration of the qualities expressed so 
eminently in his life and deeds. It was declared that the offerings of the 
people should be voluntary, with an opportunity for all to contribute. The 
co-operation of the Governors and officers of the States and municipalities of 
the United States and of all religious, educational, civic and other organiza- 



Page sixty-sis 



tions was invited. The press of the country was asked to lend its aid in 
collecting subscriptions. In conclusion, the appeal expressed the confident 
hope that the response of the people would be so liberal that a memorial might 
be erected that would fittingly commemorate the honored President. 

As the Trustees lived in different States, on the twenty-eighth day of 
October, 1901, an Executive Committee was named which could be readily 
assembled for the transaction of business. On the sixth day of November, 
1901, the Committee met in Cleveland, and the Secretary was authorized to 
open offices in that City for the transaction of the Association's business. 
In accordance with the regulations of the Association, the principal business 
office was established in Canton, and a local Secretary placed in charge 
thereof. It was informally decided that the sum of Six Hundred Thousand 
Dollars ($600,000) would be necessary to erect a suitable memorial and prop- 
erly endow it with a fund for its care. This sum was apportioned among the 
States in a manner that seemed just and equitable. It was determined that 
the Governor of each State, or some well-known person within its borders, 
should be asked to effect a separate State organization, auxiliary to the 
National society and reporting to it from time to time. In many States such 
organizations were effected with excellent results. Many thousands of letters 
were sent to people throughout the Union, asking for their influence and 
co-operation in the raising of the necessary funds. A large amount of printed 
matter was furnished to the press of the country and generously published 
by it. The Grand Army of the Republic, benevolent, ecclesiastical and labor 
organizations were asked to take up the work within their own bodies, and 
they responded most nobly to the call. At a meeting of the Trustees, a little 
more than three weeks after the first call was issued, contributions were 
reported by the Treasurer from thirty-four of the different States. 

Governor George K. Nash, of Ohio, as Chairman of the Ohio Auxiliary 
Board, issued a proclamation asking that the coming January 29th, the 
anniversary of the President's birth, be observed with appropriate exercises 
by the school children, in whose welfare the President ever took the warmest 
interest, and that every child in school be given an opportunity to contribute 
to the memorial fund. Governor Nash's proclamation was communicated to 
the Governor of each State in the Union, requesting similar action. This course 
had much to do with making McKinley's birthday a general holiday in the 
country, and the resulting contributions of the children made plain that the 
confidence of the Association in their patriotism and love of a good man's 
memory had not been misplaced. A souvenir certificate was prepared, and 

Page aixty-aevio 



with the approval of Postmaster-General Payne a request was made to each 
postmaster in the country for its distribution. 

On March 15, 1902, Secretary Ritchie asked to be relieved from the 
care of the active charge of the Association's affairs, since which date the 
offices of the society have been in charge of Assistant Secretary Frederic S. 
Hartzell, with offices maintained for the transaction of business in Canton. 

Canton having been chosen as the place, the society was early con- 
fronted with the question of the exact location of the memorial. The place 
from which it now rises was part of the property of the Canton Cemetery 
Association. From this eminence, with friends, McKinley had often looked 
upon the sweep of the surrounding city and country and remarked its eligi- 
bility as a site for a monument to the deceased soldiers and sailors of Stark 
County. A visit to this hill was made by the Board of Trustees, and the 
problem solved itself. It was at once decided to acquire this spot so adapted 
by nature to the purpose intended and overlooking the city and home of 
William McKinley. From the Cemetery Association and the adjoining prop- 
erty owners, a tract of twenty-six acres was acquired, which is now the 
property of the National Memorial Association. 

At a meeting of Trustees on June 22, 1903, a report of the Treasurer 
showing that Five Hundred Thousand Dollars ($500,000) had been sub- 
scribed to the memorial fund, it was determined that designs for the memorial 
should be invited, to be submitted to the Board for such action as it might 
thereafter determine upon. While the sum subscribed was thought ample to 
erect the memorial, it was recommended that an additional fund of One 
Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000) would be necessary for the permanent 
endowment of the monument, with a view to its future care and repair. 

To the request for the submission of designs for the memorial, such 
prompt and general response was made that on November 19, 1903, more 
than sixty were submitted to the Board of Trustees. The Trustees, realizing 
the importance and lasting character of the work, and that none of their 
number was expert in sculpture and architecture, and that only the best 
results could be had by inviting the co-operation of the foremost skilled 
talent of the country, requested the co-operation of Mr. Robert S. Peabody 
of Boston and Mr. Walter Cook of New York, architects, and Mr. Daniel 
Chester French of New York, sculptor. These gentlemen visited the site of 
the monument and gave their help and efficient co-operation until the design 
was selected. 



Page sixty-eight 



Examining the plans already submitted, they determined that it was 
best to invite six of the leading architects of the country, in addition to four 
who had already submitted designs deemed worthy of consideration, to enter 
upon the preparation of plans for which compensation should be given, to be 
submitted not later than January 1, 1904; and that from these the jury of 
experts, with the approval of a committee from the Board of Trustees, without 
knowledge of the originators, should make selection upon the merits of the 
plans submitted as they appeared to the Board and committee. On November 
22, 1904, the Trustees met in New York and received the report of the com- 
mittee, conveying the information that after viewing and considering the 
ten designs submitted, that prepared and submitted by Mr. Harold Van Buren 
Magonigle of New York had been selected. With slight modifications that 
have occurred to the Architect from time to time, the completed design is 
now before you. 

The bronze statue and lunette are the work of Mr. Charles Henry Nie- 
haus of New York, sculptor. The statue is made from the photograph by 
Miss Frances B. Johnston of Washington, representing President McKinley 
in the attitude of delivering at Buffalo that message of peace on earth, good 
will toward men, which fate had decreed should be his last public utterance. 
The lunette above the bronze entrance doors represents the victories of peace. 

Contracts were made May 31, 1905, with the Harrison Granite Company 
of New York, for the erection of the mausoleum and the construction of the 
approaches, the work to be completed on or before September 1, 1907. Upon 
the same day a contract was made with the Gorham Manufacturing Company 
of New York for the construction of the bronze work on the dome, the doors, 
cornices and interior. The mausoleum was constructed under a sub-contract 
by George W. Maltby & Sons of Buffalo, New York. The landscape effects 
and parking of the grounds are the work of Wadley & Smythe of New York. 

To the architect whose brain conceived the simple strength and beauty 
of the tomb and the grace and fitness of its approaches, and to all others who 
have contributed by head or hand to make his conception a reality, the 
Association tenders its sincere congratulations and hearty thanks. 

The work of construction was begun on June 6, 1905, and had been so 
far carried forward that the corner-stone was laid on November 16, 1905, 
in the presence of a vast concourse of people, with brief and appropriate 
ceremonies. 

For the construction and endowment of the monument the sum of 
Five Hundred and Seventy-eight Thousand Dollars ($578,000) has been 



Page gixty-oirif 



raised. These subscriptions have come from every part of the National 
Union, from all the States and Territories and outlying lands beyond the 
seas. Every civilized country in the world is represented in these contribu- 
tions. On the reverse of the pedestal is inscribed the simple fact, more 
eloquent than words can be, that more than a million people thus testified 
their devotion to the memory and their appreciation of the life and character 
of the President who has well been called "The Beloved of the People." 

It is needless to say that the collection and disbursement of so large a 
sum, and the construction of the mausoleum with its approaches, viewed 
simply as a business enterprise, has been a work of no inconsiderable magni- 
tude. During the progress of the work the Trustees have found it necessary 
to hold twenty-three meetings, seven of these in Cleveland, four in Washing- 
ton, four in New York and eight in Canton. A large and extended correspond- 
ence has been carried on through the offices of the Secretary and Assistant 
Secretary, who have given to the society most careful and intelligent service. 
A detailed report from the Treasurer, Hon. Myron T. Herrick, of Cleveland, 
will be published in the book which will contain the record of this day's pro- 
ceedings and embody in permanent form a history of the Association. It is 
fitting upon this occasion that note should be taken of the fact that Governor 
Herrick has so managed the finances of the Association that all its operating 
expenses have been paid from the income and earnings of its funds, leaving 
the handsome sum of Thirty-seven Thousand Dollars ($37,000) accumulated 
from the earnings over and above the entire expenses of the Association in 
soliciting, collecting and disbursing the fund which has built the memorial. 

The mausoleum as you behold it to-day is constructed of Milford pink 
granite, and the stairways are of the same solid material. The interior lining 
of the mausoleum is of Knoxville marble, and the sarcophagi of Windsor 
green granite with a base of Berlin black granite. The inscription below the 
cornice in the interior, "Let us ever remember that our interest is in concord, 
not conflict, and that our real eminence rests in the victories of Peace, not 
those of War," is from the last public utterance of the President at Buffalo. 

Upon the face of the pedestal of the statue these words are inscribed: 
"William McKinley, President of the United States; a statesman singularly 
gifted to unite the discordant forces of government and mould the diverse 
purposes of men toward progressive and salutary action; a magistrate whose 
poise of judgment was tested and vindicated in a succession of national emer- 
gencies; good citizen, brave soldier, wise executive, helper and leader of men, 
exemplar to his people of the virtues that build and conserve the state, society 



Page seventy 



and the home." These words were spoken by President Benjamin Ide 
Wheeler on May 17, 1901, in conferring for the University of California the 
degree of Doctor of Laws upon President McKinley. 

With the kind permission of President Wheeler and the grateful appre- 
ciation of the Memorial Association, this admirable summary of the character 
and achievements of William McKinley is permanently inscribed in enduring 
marble. 

On the original Board of Trustees, four have died during the progress 
of the work: Senator Marcus A. Hanna, Postmaster-General Henry C. Payne, 
Judge Eli S. Hammond and William' A. Lynch. All were closely identified 
with the work of the Association and were most important factors in origi- 
nating and carrying it forward. It is with profound regret that we note their 
absence on this occasion, and with deep sorrow mourn the loss to their friends 
and country entailed in the death of such men. The vacancies thus created 
in our ranks, except the one created by the death of Senator Hanna, whom 
it was voted there should be no attempt to replace, were filled by the appoint- 
ment of Charles G. Dawes of Illinois, Horace H. Lurton of Tennessee, and 
Henry W. Harter of Ohio. With the exception of the Secretary while in 
charge and the Assistant Secretary, there have been no paid officials of the 
Association, and no expense incurred by the Trustees in the discharge of 
their duties has been paid from its funds. 

Perhaps no public man in our history has more attracted the attention 
of the people by the simplicity and beauty of his home life than did William 
McKinley. The devoted affection for the invalid wife, repaid by her with a 
love that never altered, made of the Canton home a picture which all the world 
admired as the perfection of domestic peace and conjugal affection, and which 
is forever consecrated in the memory of all who were permitted to behold it. 

It is fitting that beside the man whose first thought and purpose were 
for her the beloved wife should be laid to rest. In the wall of the mauso- 
leum niches have been provided for the two infant children early called from 
earth. 

Thousands of loving hands have joined to bring the little family together 
in this beautiful temple. 

In dedicating this memorial, from this day forth, to the high purposes 
for which it is intended, the Trustees of the Memorial Association cannot re- 
frain from expressing the hope that it may serve to commemorate the life and 
deeds of the illustrious dead, may teach coming generations the lesson of a 
noble, pure and generous life, and impress upon the youth who shall look 



Page seVL'Dty-on* 



upon it in all the coming years, that true success is only to be built upon 
exalted character, and that the highest public honors and universal popular 
esteem are not inconsistent with a life devoted to the faithful and cheerful 
discharge of the simple duties of each day which make up the life of a good 
man and patriotic citizen. 

At the conclusion of President Day's address, Governor 
Harris announced the unveiling of the statue that stood, draped 
in flags, overlooking the great audience. Miss Helen McKinley, 
the President's sister, was led to the center of the platform by 
President Day, and a garland of flowers was placed in her hand, 
attached to which was a line that connected with the beautiful 
canopy of the statue. With an obeisance full of dignity and 
pathos she drew the slender cord, the flags parted, and the 
bronze figure of her sainted brother was disclosed. 

The hush that covered the splendid gathering for a brief 
period while the banners gracefully parted and receded from the 
wonderfully lifelike work of the sculptor, was a touching tribute 
of regretful homage by a people instinct with patriotic devotion, 
and in admirable consonance with the sentiment of the moment 
came the musical words of the distinguished poet, James Whit- 
comb Riley, who was most opportunely introduced by Governor 
Harris. Mr. Riley had written for the occasion, and delivered 
with pathetic fervor the following poem : 

He said: "It is God's way; 

His will, not ours, be done." 
And o'er our land a shadow lay 

That darkened all the sun; 
The voice of jubilee 

That gladdened all the air 
Fell sudden to a quavering key 

Of suppliance and prayer. 

Page St-*veDty-twn 




( oiirtnt v Sin Ho, Canlon, 0. 

DEDICATING THE MEMORIAL-MR. RILEY READING HIS POEM 




«*8^*^ 



Courtney Studio, Canton, 0. 



A VIEW OF THK DOME FROM THE WEST 



He was our chief — our guide — 

Sprung of our common earth, 
From youth's long struggle proved and tried 

To manhood's highest worth; 
Through toil, he knew all needs 

Of all his toiling kind, 
The favored striver who succeeds, 

The one who falls behind. 

The boy's young faith he still 

Retained through years mature— 
The faith to labor, hand and will, 

Nor doubt the harvest sure — 
The harvest of Man's love — 

A Nation's joy that swells 
To heights of song, or deep whereof 

But sacred silence tells. 

To him his Country seemed 

Even as a mother, where 

He rested— slept; and once he dreamed- 

As on her bosom there — 
And thrilled to hear, within 

That dream of her, the call 
Of bugles and the clang and din 

Of war — And o'er it all 

His rapt eyes caught the bright 

Old Banner, winging wild 
And beck'ning him, as to the fight 

When — even as a child — 
He awakened— And the dream 

Was real! And he leapt 
As led the proud flag through a gleam 

Of tears the Mother wept. 

His was a tender hand — 

Even as a woman's is — 
And yet as fixed, in Right's command. 

As this bronze hand of his: 
This was the soldier brave — 

This was the Victor fair— 
This is the Hero Heaven gave 

To glory here — and There. 



Page jrventy-thret 



Following the reading by Mr. Riley, Theodore Roosevelt, 
President of the United States, was introduced by Governor 
Harris, and his oration commanded the rapt attention of the 
vast audience to his last word. He said: 

We have gathered together to-day to pay our meed of respect and 
affection to the memory of William McKinley, who as President won a place 
in the hearts of the American people such as but three or four of all the 
Presidents of this country have ever won. He was of singular uprightness 
and purity of character, alike in public and in private life; a citizen who 
loved peace, he did his duty faithfully and well for four years of war when 
the honor of the Nation called him to arms. As Congressman, as Governor 
of his State, and finally as President, he rose to the foremost place among 
our statesmen, reaching a position which would satisfy the keenest ambition; 
but he never lost that simple and thoughtful kindness toward every human 
being, great or small, lofty or humble, with whom he was brought in contact, 
which so endeared him to our people. 

He had to grapple with more serious and complex problems than any 
President since Lincoln, and yet, while meeting every demand of statesman- 
ship, he continued to live a beautiful and touching family life, a life very 
healthy for this Nation to see in its foremost citizen; and now the woman 
who walked in the shadow ever after his death, the wife to whom his loss 
was a calamity more crushing than it could be to any other human being, 
lies beside him here in the same sepulchre. 

There is a singular appropriateness in the inscription on his monument. 
Mr. Cortelyou, whose relations with him were of such close intimacy, gives 
me the following information about it: On the President's trip to the Pacific 
slope in the spring of 1901, President Wheeler, of the University of California, 
conferred the degree of LL.D upon him in words so well chosen that they 
struck the fastidious taste of John Hay, then Secretary of State, who wrote 
and asked for a copy of them from President Wheeler. On the receipt of this 
copy he sent the following letter to President McKinley, a letter which now 
seems filled with a strange and unconscious prescience: 
"Dear Mr. President: 

President Wheeler sent me the inclosed at my request. You will have 
the words in more permanent shape. They seem to me remarkably well 
chosen, and stately and dignified enough to serve — long hence, please God — as 
your epitaph. Yours faithfully, 

John Hay." 



Page ?eventy-four 



"University of California 
Office of the President 

"By authority vested in me by the regents of the University of Cali- 
fornia, I confer the degree of Doctor of Laws upon William McKinley, Presi- 
dent of the United States, a statesman singularly gifted to unite the discordant 
forces of the government and mold the diverse purposes of men toward 
progressive and salutary action, a magistrate whose poise of judgment has 
been tested and vindicated in a succession of national emergencies; good 
citizen, brave soldier, wise executive, helper and leader of men, exemplar to 
his people of the virtues that build and conserve the state, society, and the 
home." 

Berkeley, May 15, 1901." 

It would be hard to imagine an epitaph which a good citizen would be 
more anxious to deserve, or one which would more happily describe the 
qualities of that great and good citizen whose life we here commemorate. He 
possessed to a very remarkable degree the gift of uniting discordant forces 
and securing from them a harmonious action which told for good government. 
From purposes not merely diverse, but bitterly conflicting, he was able to 
secure healthful action for the good of the state. In both poise and judgment 
he rose to level to several emergencies he had to meet as leader of the Nation, 
and like all men with the root of true greatness in them he grew to steadily 
larger stature under the stress of heavy responsibilities. He was a good 
citizen and a brave soldier, a chief executive whose wisdom entitled him to 
the trust which he received throughout the Nation. He was not only a 
leader of men but preeminently a helper of men; for one of his most marked 
traits was the intensely human quality of his wide and deep sympathy. 
Finally, he not merely preached, he was that most valuable of all citizens 
in a democracy like ours, a man who in the highest place served as an uncon- 
scious example to his people of the virtues that build and conserve alike our 
public life, and the foundation of all public life, the intimate life of the home. 

Many lessons are taught by his career, but none more valuable than the 
lesson of broad human sympathy for and among all of our citizens of all 
classes and creeds. No other President has ever more deserved to have 
his life work characterized in Lincoln's words as being carried on "with malice 
toward none, with charity toward all." As a boy he worked hard with his 
hands; he entered the army as a private soldier; he knew poverty ; he earned 
his own livelihood, and by his own exertions he finally rose to the position of 
a man of moderate means. Not merely was he in personal touch with farmer 
and town dweller, with capitalist and wageworker, but he felt an intimate 



Page seventy-five 



understanding of each, and therefore an intimate sympathy with each; and 
his consistent effort was to try to judge all by the same standard and to treat 
all with the same justice. Arrogance toward the weak, and envious hatred 
of those well off, were equally abhorrent to his just and gentle soul. 

Surely this attitude of his should be the attitude of all our people to-day. 
It would be a cruel disaster to this country to permit ourselves to adopt an 
attitude of hatred and envy toward success worthily won, toward wealth 
honestly acquired. Let us in this respect profit by the example of the people 
of the republics in this western hemisphere to the south of us. Some of these 
republics have prospered greatly, but there are certain ones that have lagged 
far behind, that still continue in a condition of material poverty, of social and 
political unrest and confusion. 

Without exception the republics of the former class are those in which 
honest industry has been assured of reward and protection; those where a 
cordial welcome has been extended to the kind of enterprise which benefits 
the whole country, while incidentally, as is right and proper, giving substantial 
rewards to those who manifest it. On the other hand, the poor, and back- 
ward republics, the republics in which the lot of the average citizen is least 
desirable, and the lot of the laboring man worst of all, are precisely those 
republics in which industry has been killed because wealth exposed its owner 
to spoliation. To these communities foreign capital now rarely comes, because 
it has been found that as soon as capital is employed so as to give substantial 
remuneration to those supplying it, it excites ignorant envy and hostility, 
which result in such oppressive action, within or without the law, as sooner 
or later to work a virtual confiscation. Every manifestation of feeling of this 
kind in our civilization should be crushed at the outset by the weight of a 
sensible public opinion. 

From the standpoint of our material prosperity there is only one other 
thing as important as the discouragement of a spirit of envy and hostility 
toward honest business men, toward honest men of means; this is the dis- 
couragement of dishonest business men, the war upon the chicanery and 
wrong-doing which are peculiarly repulsive, peculiarly noxious, when exhibited 
by men who have no excuse of want, of poverty, of ignorance, for their crimes. 

Men of means, and, above all, men of great wealth, can exist in safety 
under the peaceful protection of the state, only in orderly societies, where 
liberty manifests itself through and under the law. It is these men who, 
more than any others, should, in the interests of the class to which they 
belong, in the interests of their children and their children's children, seek in 



Page seventy-sil 



every way, but especially in the conduct of their lives, to insist upon and 
build up respect for the law. It may not be true from the standpoint of some 
particular individual of this class, but in the long run it is preeminently true 
from the standpoint of the class as a whole, no less than of the country as a 
whole that it is a veritable calamity to achieve a temporary triumph by viola- 
tion or evasion of the law; and we are the best friends of the man of property; 
we show ourselves the staunchest upholders of the rights of property, when 
we set our faces like Bint against those offenders who do wrong in order to 
acquire great wealth or who use this wealth as a help to wrong-doing. 

Wrong-doing is confined to no class. Good and evil are to be found 
among both rich and poor, and in drawing the line among our fellows we 
must draw it on conduct and not on worldly possessions. In the abstract 
most of us will admit this. In the concrete we can act upon such doctrine only 
if we really have knowledge of and sympathy with one another. If both the 
wage-worker and the capitalist are able to enter each into the other's life to 
meet him so as to get into genuine sympathy with him, most of the misunder- 
standing between them will disappear and its place will be taken by a judgment 
broader, juster, more kindly, and more generous; for each will find in the 
other the same essential human attributes that exist in himself. It was Presi- 
dent McKinley's peculiar glory that in actual practice he realized this as it 
is given to but few men to realize it; that his broad and deep sympathies made 
him feel a genuine sense of oneness with all his fellow-Americans, whatever 
their station or work in life, so that to his soul they were all joined with him 
in a great brotherly democracy of the spirit. It is not given to many of us 
in our lives actually to realize this attitude to the extent that he did; but we 
can at least have it before us as the goal of our endeavor, and by so doing we 
shall pay honor better than in any other way to the memory of the dead 
President whose services in life we this day commemorate. 

When the President had concluded his address, and the 
applause subsided, Governor Harris announced the hymn "Amer- 
ica " and the entire audience rose in unison to voice in glorious 
melody the ardor of their loyalty. Then with the last words of 
the majestic anthem but dying from his lips, the Right Reverend 
Ignatius F. Horstmann, D.D., Bishop of Cleveland, advanced to 
the center of the rostrum and brought the ceremonies to a digni- 
fied and impressive close in the following words: 



Page seventy-seven 



We have come to the end of this simple, impressive and solemn ceremony. 
I have been asked to give the benediction. To me it is, indeed, a privilege 
and a pleasure to stand here to-day beside the tomb of my dear, departed 
friend, William McKinley, the late President of this Republic, and to give 
public expression to the great esteem in which I held him during life, and to 
the deep reverence I have for his memory, now that he is gone. 

The world is ruled more by ideals than ideas. It is good for us all 
to have ideals — men of character to look up to. We have had them in the 
past, and we have them still, in this, our beloved land, and we thank God 
for this inestimable blessing to mankind and especially to our own countrymen. 

From illustrious names in our country's history, names like Washington, 
Lincoln and McKinley, let youth draw its inspiration. Let the character of 
our young manhood be molded on models like these. They were great men 
all of them, and great in the measure in which they were good — men of pure 
lives, men who were tried and found true, in a word, men who were men. 
Their domestic life was blameless, and their public life no less. Conscience 
ruled them. They realized that duty was paramount, duty to God and man, 
and they strove earnestly in the fulfillment of theirs; and now they are in 
the hands of their Judge, and we, on our part, thank God for their work. 

Almighty God, we thank Thee for this memorial, which has been set 
up here in the midst of our people, to perpetuate the name of a great and 
good man, the late lamented President of this Republic. We give Thee 
praise to-day for the life of William McKinley. May this tomb — this monu- 
ment, erected to his memory by a grateful nation — ever remain to teach our 
children, and our children's children, that true greatness is founded upon 
virtue, and that the fear of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom. 

The Holy Spirit, speaking of the heroes of Jewish history, bids us 
praise men of renown, and our fathers in their generation; their bodies are 
buried in peace, but their name liveth unto generation and generation — for- 
ever. William McKinley was such a hero; he was truly a man of renown; 
his name will ever live in the history of our country as a great, a good, a 
pure man, a wise and prudent statesman, an honor and a glory to the Presi- 
dency of this grand Republic. 

While we thank God for the example of this noble life which was vouch- 
safed us, and for the inspiration, which we trust it will be to many, may we 
always keep in reverent memory the name of William McKinley, and strive 
our best to imitate the virtues which he practiced. 



Page seventy-eight 



May the name of the Lord be blessed, now and forever. Our help is in 
the name of the Lord who made heaven and earth. 

And may the blessing of Almighty God, Father, Son and Holy Ghost, 
descend upon us all, and upon our beloved country, and abide with us for- 
ever. Amen. 



Page seventy-nine 



CHAPTER VI 

THE CITIZENS' COMMITTEE FOR THE DEDICATION 
OF THE McKINLEY NATIONAL MEMORIAL 
CANTON. OHIO, SEPTEMBER, 1907 



ARTHUR R. TURNBULL, Chairman 
Executive Committee 



Henry W. Harter 
Andrew M. McCarty 
George B. Frease 
William L. Day 
Samuel W. Hall 
J. L. Robb 
Alfred C. Eynon 
Charles C. Upham 

Committee on Decoration: 
William R. Zollinger 
Raymond B. Kenny 
William D. Caldwell 
James C. Burnheimer 
Robert S. Bell 
Percy Dittenhafer 
George Gresser 
Frank A. Luther 



Julius Whiting, Jr. 
Frank E. Case 
William R. Zollinger 
John E. Monnot 
Edgar A. Bowman 
J. J. Clark 

Emil A. Reinkendorff 
Charles A. Dougherty 



L. T. Cool 



Committee on Invitations: 
Andrew M. MeCarty 
Charles Krichbaum 
Thomas F. Turner 
Josiah Hartzell 
A. Donald McCarty 
James J. Grant 



Julius Whiting, Jr. 
Robert S. Shields 
Johnson Sherrick 
Harry C. Haight 
George H. Clark 
John C. Scott 
Ivanhoe Huntington 



Committee on Reception: 
John C. Welty 
William R. Timken 
Percy L. McLain 
David B. Day 
Stuart S. Kurtz 
Josiah Hartzell 
Jeremiah H. Kenny 
George H. Laughlin 



Charles C. Bow 
Gordon M. Mather 
Joseph Dick 
West L. Alexander 
James Flohr 
Augustus Vignos 
Joseph H. Dumoulin 



Page eigbty-one 



Committee on Finance: 

Frank E. Case 
Charles W. Keplinger 



John B. Brothers 
Louis A. Loichot 



Committee on Speakers: 

Henry W. Harter 
Ralph S. Ambler 
Atlee Pomerene 



George B. Frease 
John P. Williams 
Howard Unkefer 
Raymond B. Kenny 
A. B. McFarland 
E. E. Smith 
J. W. Richards 



Committee on Press: 

J. C. Deidriek 
John M. Danner 
William H. Cavanah 
Josiah Hartzell 
J. S. Wilhelm 
William N. Albee 
Burton Knisely 
William R. Thom 



Alex Von Landberg 
James A. Welker 
W. H. Wible 
T. B. C. Voges 
Harry Colley 
C. C. Lloyd 
T. T. O'Malley 



Committee on Transportation: 

William L. Day 
Harry H. Hill 
William L. Stolzenbach 
Peter Miller 
John P. Williams 
Dr. L. D. Blanchard 
J. George Kramer 
Luther Day 
Gilbert Marsh 
Oliver Little 
J. F. Allen 



Committee on Civic Organization 
and Parade: 

Alfred C. Eynon 
John Neiderhauser 
L. M. Bachtel 
Henry W. Smith 
John G. A. Richter 
Dr. T. J. Phillips 
Dr. Ralph O. Shoop 
Edward E. Bender 
Harry Frease 



Samuel W. Hall 
George H. Legget 
M. L. Smith 
E. S. Folk 
Charles C. Lloyd 
Ray Harbert 
T. W. Dunwoodie 
A. A. Ashbrook 



Committee on Municipal Affairs: 
J. F. Buchman 
D. N. Owen 
Fred H. Sanders 
J. A. Brooks 
August R. Lauffer 
L. B. Ohliger 
John T. Blake 
Thomas J. Bidwell 



Jacob P. Fawcett 
John P. Williams 
G. J. Naftzger 
Ira A. Aungst 
Joseph Munter 
James Fielding 
Robert O. Mesnar 



Page eighty- two 



Edgar A. Bowman 
Thomas K. Harris 
Walter Shaffer 
John J. McMahon 



Committee on Entertainment: 

Jackson W. Pontius 
C. Sumner McDowell 
Frank James 
Robert A. Pollock 
A. C. Fen wick 



William Feller 
Edward P. Morrow 
L. T. Cool 
James A. Welker 



Committee on G. A. R.: 

J. J. Clark 
Nathan Holloway 
Henry Bixler 
Henry S. Moses 
Hosea R. Jones 



Committee on Mounted Escort: 

Charles A. Dougherty 
Andrew M. McCarty 
John Rommel 
William B. Gschwend 



Emil Reinkendorff 
Carey E. McAfee 
Ralph M. Brown 
G. E. Krause 
Perry Van Horn 
Emil Schilling 



Committee on Music: 

Mrs. William H. Smith 
Adam Shorb 
James U. Fogle 
Hugo Standke 
William F. Voges 
Albert Frey 



Miss Sarah Lavin 
Fred A. Ballard 
Dr. Harlan Dudley 
W. E. Strassner 
Frank A. Weaver 



Committee on Souvenirs: 

John E. Monnot 
Louis E. Deuble 
John C. Harmony 

Committee on County Affairs: 

Charles C. Upham 
Abram W. Agler 
Roscoe C. McCulloch 



Committee on Military Organization: 

John L. Robb 
Frank Ballard 

Committee on Review: 

John E. Monnot 
Charles A. Dougherty 
Samuel W. Hall 



Page eighty-tbree 



CHAPTER VII 

THE GRAND REVIEW- 
ORDER OF THE PARADE OF ORGANIZED BODIES BEFORE THE PRESIDENT AND 
VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, THE TRUSTEES OF THE 
McKINLEY NATIONAL MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION AND 
THEIR GUESTS, UNDER THE DIRECTION OF 

Majoh-General Charles Dick, Chief Marshal 
Lieutenant-Colonel Haery Frease, Assistant Chief Marshal 

Platoon of Cavalry, Troop " B," Ohio National Guard 
Major-General Charles Dick, Chief Marshal 

Personal Staff 

Captain Ira I. Morrison (retired), Ohio National Guard. 
Lieutenant John L. Bond, Nineteenth United States Cavalry. 
Lieutenant Leo B. Dannemiller, Eleventh United States Infantry. 
Lieutenant John C. Moore, Seventh United States Infantry. 

Military and Administrative Staff 

Colonel George M. Wright, Chief of Staff. 
Colonel Worthington Kautzman, Adjutant-General. 
Lieutenant-Colonel C. Barton Adams, Inspector-General. 
Lieutenant-Colonel Oliver H. Hughes, Chief Quartermaster. 
Lieutenant-Colonel Frank M. Ritezel, Chief Commissary. 
Lieutenant-Colonel Edmund C. Brush, Chief Surgeon. 
Lieutenant-Colonel George C. King, Chief Ordnance Officer. 
Major Charles B. Winder, Inspector Small Arms Practice. 

Honorary Staff 

Brigadier-General George R. Gyger (retired), Ohio National Guard. 
Colonel Curtis V. Hard, (retired), Ohio National Guard. 
Colonel Edward S. Bryant, Second Infantry, Ohio National Guard. 
Colonel Lloyd W. Howard, Sixth Infantry, Ohio National Guard. 



Page eighty-five 



Colonel Charles S. Ammel, Fourth Infantry, Ohio National Guard. 

Colonel Charles F. Hake, Jr., First Infantry, Ohio National Guard. 

Colonel Herbert G. Catrow, Third Infantry, Ohio National Guard. 

Colonel Harry D. Knox, Seventh Infantry, Ohio National Guard. 

Major John C. Fulton, Ninth Infantry, Ohio National Guard. 

Captain Lewis W. Jacquith, Second Company, Signal Corps, Ohio National 

Guard. 
Captain Holland C. Webster, First Company, Signal Corps, Ohio National 

Guard. 
Captain Grant S. Taylor, Second Battery, Field Artillery, Ohio National 

Guard. 
Major Emmit F. Taggart, Ohio National Guard. 
Captain Harry J. Blackburn (retired), Ohio National Guard. 
Colonel J. J. Clark. 
Major A. Vignos. 
Mr. Harry S. Quine. 
Mr. L. M. Bachtel. 
Dr. T. J. Phillips. 
Colonel W. S. Ruhl, S. of V. Reserves. 

McKinley Escort Troop 
Colonel George W. Perrine, commanding. 

Major Alfred Garner Harvey W. Zaiser 

Captain John J. Zaiser Dr. Charles Elson 

Captain Alonzo Owen F. L. Cole 

Captain George F. Miller W. A. Lytle 

Captain A. Fournace J. W. Staudt 

Dr. W. S. Foulks First Lieutenant John Higgins 

Robert Lind Sergeant Uriah R. Henry 

Samuel Smith George W. Howenstine 

D. W. Skinner F. G. Loutzenheiser 

Thomas L. St. John D. M. Harmon 

Samuel Thompson Frank Taft 

Harry J. Planton Fred Frey 

Fred Phillipson Dr. T. C. McQuate 

Joseph Van Nostrand John Fasnacht 

Charles N. Vicary Ray L. Hoover 

George Lindsey A. Ashbrook 



Page eighty-sii 



Emmet Archer Theo. Hiller 

William E. Homer Frank Marburger 

William B. Perkins Henry Weber 

Elden Haymaker George Melbourne 

Penrose Bressler Robert S. Bell 

Adam Ulman James K. Lynch 

John E. Figley E. L. Taylor 
Dr. W.G. McConky 

Lieutenant-Colonel Harry Frease, Assistant Chief Marshal, and Staff. 

FIRST DIVISION 

General R. B. Brown, Past Commander-in-Chief, Grand Army Republic, 
Marshal, and Staff. 

First Brigade 

Colonel W. S. Rogers, Department Commander, Grand Army Republic, 

Brigade Commander, and Staff. 
Twelfth United States Cavalry Band, mounted. 
Troop "B," Ohio National Guard, Guard of Honor. 

Twenty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry; J. S. Ellen, President, commanding. 
William McKinley Post, No. 25, G. A. R., of Canton, Colonel J. J. Clark, 

commanding. 
George D. Harter Post, No. 555, G. A. R., of Canton, Captain H. T. Moses, 

commanding. 
One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, led by S. Kline, 

color-bearer. 
Trescott Post, No. 10, G. A. R., of Salem, W. B. McCord, commanding. 
Buckeye Post, No. 12, G. A. R., of Akron, Henry Acker, commanding. 
Given Post, No. 133, G. A. R., of Wooster, S. Richabaugh, commanding. 
Hart Post, No. 134, G. A. R., of Massillon, E. T. Edgoe, commanding. 
William McKinley Camp, Veterans of Foreign Service, of Pittsburg, Thomas 

A. Devine, commanding. 
Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. 
Veteran Drum Corps. 

Uniform Rank Sons of Veterans, of Cleveland, Captain F. A. Edmonds, com- 
manding. 
Memorial Post, No. 141, G. A. R., of Cleveland, James Dwyer, commanding. 
John C. Fremont Post, No. 729, G. A. R., of Alliance, J. A. Stambaugh, 

commanding. 



Page eighty-seven 



Tod Post, No. 29, G. A. R., of Youngstown, J. M. Thompson, commanding. 
United Spanish War Veterans, Joseph Freed, commanding. 
Canton Camp, No. 55, of Canton, Joseph Snyder, commanding. 
Akron Camp, No. 51, of Akron, H. C. Federlee, commanding. 
Fife and Drum Corps. 

Henry Kaldenbaugh Camp, No. 5, Sons of Veterans, of New Philadelphia, 
W. F. Hurst, commanding. 

Second Brigade 

Sir Knight A. C. Eynon, Brigade Commander, and Staff. 

Fourth United States Infantry Band. 

Gate City Guards of Atlanta, Georgia, Captain L. D. White, commanding. 

Grand Army Band of Allegheny, Pennsylvania. 

Washington Infantry of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, First Lieutenant William 
Kline, commanding. 

Military Section, Dana Musical Institute of Warren, Ohio, W. H. Dana, 
President, commanding. 

Great Western Band, of Akron. 

Officials and citizens of Akron, Ohio, Captain J. C. Bloomfield, commanding. 

Alliance City Band, of Alliance. 

McKinley Republican Club of Alliance, Fred Van Depburg, commanding. 

Tippecanoe Drum Corps of Cleveland. 

Tippecanoe Club Drill Corps of Cleveland, Captain A. B. McClearnon, com- 
manding. 

McKinley Commemoration Club of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 

First Section, Hospital Corps, Ohio National Guard, of Zanesville, Ohio. 

SECOND DIVISION 

Brigadier-General William V. McMaken, Marshal, and Staff. 

Fihst Brigade 

Eminent Sir John H. Gibson, Right Eminent Grand Commander, Knights 

Templar of Ohio, Brigade Commander. 
Daniel Holwick, Chief of Staff, and Staff. 
Twenty-third United States Infantry Band. 

Grand Commandery Officials, Knights Templar of Ohio — in carriages. 
Fiala's Military Band, of Canton. 
Canton Commandery, No. 38, Knights Templar, Charles Dickerhoof, Eminent 

Commander. 



Page eighty-eight 



Pittsburg Commandery Band. 

Pittsburg Commandery, No. 1, Knights Templar, J. H. Niebaum, Eminent 
Commander. 

Allegheny Commandery Band. 

Allegheny City Commandery, No. 35, Knights Templar, W. H. Hamilton, act- 
ing Eminent Commander. 

Massillon City Band. 

Massillon Commandery, No. 4, Knights Templar, H. B. Conrad, Eminent 
Commander. 

Chicago Junction Band. 

Norwalk Commandery, No. 18, Knights Templar, F. B. Suydam, Eminent 
Commander. 

Eighth Regiment, Ohio National Guard Band, of Akron. 

Akron Commandery, No. 25, Knights Templar, R. F. Palmer, Eminent 
Commander. 

Hope Commandery, No. 26, Knights Templar, of Bellaire, Charles P. Ryan, 
Eminent Commander. 

Quaker City Band, of Salem. 

Salem Commandery, No. 42, Knights Templar, F. Miles, Eminent Com- 
mander. 

Cambridge City Band. 

Cambridge Commandery, No. 47, Knights Templar, W. N. Wood, Eminent 
Commander. 

Reeves Military Band, of Canal Dover. 

St. Bernard Commandery, No. 51, Knights Templar, of Uhrichsville, J. W. 
Lineberger, Eminent Commander. 

Pilgrim Commandery, No. 55, Knights Templar, of East Liverpool. 

Thayer Fifth Regiment, Ohio National Guard Band, of Canton. 

Canton Lodges of Masons, John Willis, Marshal. 

Second Brigade 

General T. W. Minshul, Commander Ohio Brigade, U. R. Knights of Pythias, 

Brigade Commander. 
Colonel L. G. Hunt, Chief of Staff, and Staff. 
Grand Army Band, of Canton. 
Eighth Regiment, U. R. Knights of Pythias, of Ohio, Colonel C. Shem, Jr., 

commanding. 
Mansfield Company, No. 10, Captain G. O. Hubbs, commanding. 
Ashland Company, No. 39, C. W. Swineford, commanding. 
New Philadelphia Company, No. 116, Captain A. Limbach, commanding. 



Page eighty nine 



Canton Company, No. 38, Captain Fred T. Metz, commanding. 

Alliance Company, No. 85, Captain L. A. Fuhr, commanding. 

Ohio State Band, of Niles. 

Massillon Company, No. 73, Captain J. W. Cameron, commanding. 

Miles Company, No. 18, Captain Souder, commanding. 

Lisbon Company, No. 60, Captain Lodge Riddle, commanding. 

Cuyahoga Falls Band. 

Twelfth Regiment, U. R. Knights of Pythias, of Ohio, Colonel J. H. Burt, 
commanding. 

Akron Company, No. 21, Captain E. T. Crisp, commanding. 

Akron Company, No. 66, Captain A. E. Limric, commanding. 

Cuyahoga Falls Company, No. 84, Captain C. F. Wilcox, commanding. 

Kent Company, No. 49, Captain B. L. Farnum, commanding. 

Ravenna Company, No. 97, Captain H. L. Smith, commanding. 

Warren Company, No. 103, Captain M. J. Van Gorder, commanding. 

Sixth Regiment, U. R. Knights of Pythias, Colonel J. E. Hershberger, com- 
manding. 

Tiffin Company, No. 17, Captain F. Guss, commanding. 

Tiffin Company, No. 50, Captain N. J. Brown, commanding. 

Sandusky Company, No. 13, Captain H. G. Close, commanding. 

Arlington Band, of Bellaire, Ohio. 

Eleventh Regiment, U. R. Knights of Pythias, of Ohio, Colonel J. A. Moore, 

commanding. 
Uhrichsville Company, No. 67, Captain V. E. Benson, commanding. 
Tuscarawas Company, No. 76, Captain P. G. Lanning, commanding. 
Newcomerstown Company, No. 87, Captain M. J. Julien, commanding. 
Bellaire Company, No. 92, Captain J. F. Moore, commanding. 
Canal Dover Company, No. 100, Captain E. H. Von Kaenel, commanding. 
Mineral City Company, No. 78, Captain J. Limbaugh, commanding. 
East Liverpool Company, No. 62, Captain F. T. Hall, commanding. 
Second Regiment, U. R. Knights of Pythias, of Cleveland, Colonel C. K. 

Bittchofsky, commanding. 

Cleveland Company, No. 3, Captain W. D. Richner, commanding. 
Cleveland Company, No. 65, Captain Josh Tronstein, commanding. 
Marine Band, of Canton. 
Knights of Pythias Lodges, of Canton; H. Ross Ake, Marshal. 

Buckeye Lodge No. 11. 

Lilly Lodge No. 362. 

Canton Lodge No. 589. 



Page ninety 



Thihd Brigade 

General A. R, Stocker, Commander Ohio Patriarchs Militant Brigade. 

George Ressler, Chief of Staff, and Staff. 

Orrville Band. 

Wooster Canton, No. 77, Patriarchs Militant; Captain Forbes Alcock, com- 
manding. 

Warren Canton, No. 79, Patriarchs Militant; Captain F. J. Mackey, com- 
manding. 

Canton Canton, No. 80, Patriarchs Militant; Captain John Keller, com- 
manding. 

Stan wood Band. 

Odd Fellows Lodges of Canton; William P. Wells, Marshal. 
Nimisilla Lodge No. 39. 
Manheim Lodge No. 408. 
Stark Lodge No. 513. 

Fourth Brigade 

John G. A. Richter, State Secretary, Junior Order United American Me- 
chanics. 
Brigade Commander and Staff. 
Nirella Band, of Pittsburg. 
Pittsburg Lodge, No. 11, B. P. O. Elks; Exalted Ruler William N. Beuham, 

commanding. 
Modern Woodmen of America, of Akron. 
Junior Order United American Mechanics, of Canton; Charles Neithercoat, 

Marshal. 

Washington Council No. 12. 

Oliver Wendell Holmes Council No. 41. 

Patrick Henry Council No. 84. 

James A. Garfield Council No. 118. 

William McKinley Council No. 218. 

The parade was formed in column of sections (or platoons) 
of twelve files each, closed to half distance, and started south on 
Market Street from the McKinley Home at the corner of Louis 
Avenue, promptly at 10 :45 o'clock A. M. The head of the column 
reached the reviewing stand, between Tuscarawas and Seventh 
Streets, at 11 :00 o'clock A. M., and the parade was there reviewed 



Page niDety-one 



by the President of the United States, the rear of the column 
passing at 12:00 o'clock noon. From the reviewing stand the 
parade passed over the following line of march: 

On Market Street southward to Tenth Street, passing in 
review before the President of the United States at the Public 
Square (the reviewing stand being on the west side of the Public 
Square, south of Tuscarawas Street) ; thence on Tenth Street to 
Cleveland Avenue; thence on Cleveland Avenue to Tuscarawas 
Street; thence on Tuscarawas Street, passing the school children 
at the High School Building, to Cassilly Street; thence on Cassilly 
Street to Linden Avenue; thence on Linden Avenue to the en- 
trance to the approaches to the Mausoleum; thence along the 
northeastern approach to the Plaza, which was reached at 11:40 
A. M. and cleared at 12:40 P. M.; thence across the Plaza west- 
ward into Westlawn Cemetery, and around southward along the 
main avenue through the cemetery to Kentucky Avenue; thence 
on Kentucky Avenue to Tuscarawas Street; thence eastward on 
Tuscarawas Street to High Street; thence on High Street to 
Eighth Street; thence on Eighth Street to Market Street; thence 
on Market Street to the Public Square, where the parade passed 
in review before the Chief Marshal, whose position was on the 
east side of the Public Square midway between Tuscarawas 
Street and Seventh Street; immediately after which the parade 
was dismissed, at 1 :45 o'clock P. M. 



Page ninety-two 



CHAPTER VIII 

STATEMENT OF THE FINANCES OF THE McKINLEY NATIONAL 

MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION ON JUNE 10, 191« 

BY MYRON T. HERRICK, Tbeabcbeb 

Office of Treasurer 

The McKinley National Memorial Association 

127 Public Square, Cleveland, Ohio 

June 10, 1912. 

To the Board of Trustees of the McKinley National Memorial Association: 

I beg to submit hereunder a report in condensed form of receipts and of 
disbursements, and of the state of the funds, as appears on the books of the 
treasurer of your Association at the close of business this day : 

Receipts 
Contributions 
Souvenir Certificate Sales $ 17,448.24 

Less expense entailed 6,723.10 $ 10,725.14 

Endless-Chain Letters 14,140.47 

Less expense entailed 314.43 13,826.04 

Knights of Pythias 4,254.30 

Less expense entailed 725.00 3,529.30 

Masonic Orders 3,624.85 

Less expense entailed 700.00 2,924.85 

Florists of America 589.04 

Less expense entailed 189.04 400.00 

Grand Army of the Republic 3,358.15 

Ohio Bankers' Association 1,515.00 

Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers 542.00 

Nat'l Association of Letter Carriers . . 686.50 

Junior Order United Amer. Mechanics 105.00 

Endowment Fund Subscriptions 76,842.54 

All other contributions 514,882.90 

Less expense of auxiliaries 12,339.52 502,543.38 $616,997.90 

Other Receipts 

Interest on Funds and Investments $ 98,934.89 

Premiums on Investments 2,515.64 

Miscellaneous Receipts 2,175.07 103,625.60 

Total Receipts $720,623.50 



Page ninety-three 



Disbursements 

Construction $558,452.91 

Land 26,296.01 

Secretary Expense 51,706.15 

Treasurer Expense 2,936.25 

Dedication Expense 2,923.74 

Maintenance Expene 12,791.24 

Miscellaneous Expense 3,164.42 

Total Disbursements $658,270.72 



Excess Receipts over Disbursements $ 62,352.78 

Present Worth 

Cash Balance in Banks $ 2,199.67 

Investments in Bonds and Stocks, Cost 56,843.33 

Souvenir Books and Medals, and accounts receiv- 
able 3,309.78 $ 62,352.78 



In addition to the items of resources entering into this report, there 
will have been earned on July 1, 1912, interest on cash in bank and on invest- 
ments, amounting to $1,496.62. 

The Trustees have sought to provide an endowment of approximately 
$100,000.00, the income from which was to serve as a maintenance fund for 
the land and structure, and that the Association might be self-sustaining. 
This wish has not been fully realized, however, there being presently available 
$59,043.00 for that purpose. This sum is barely sufficient to provide for 
the present maintenance requirements of the Association; and unless this 
endowment fund be increased, should an unforeseen contingency arise, an 
encroachment upon the principal sum will probably be necessary. 

As showing how widespread has been the response made to the appeal 
of the Association, I include in this report a summary by States of the total 
in gross of all contributions received: 

Alabama $ 873.82 New Hampshire $ 854.41 

Arkansas 917.69 New Jersey 24,872.77 

California 4,460.80 New York 193,541.35 

Colorado 5,260.30 North Carolina 1,686.65 

Connecticut 3,017.49 North Dakota 952.11 

Delaware 65.75 Ohio 100,602.67 

District of Columbia. . . 4,499.39 Oregon 553.31 

Florida 1,160.14 Pennsylvania 74,576.25 

Georgia 1,434.24 Rhode Island 1,125.32 

Idaho 890.89 South Carolina 719.35 

Illinois 62,426.15 South Dakota 3,062.61 

Indiana 13,605.84 Tennessee 2,612.18 



Page ninety-four 



Iowa 4,464.25 

Kansas 4,697.79 

Kentucky 2,241.61 

Louisiana 1,321.75 

Maine 3,724.10 

Maryland 14,567.67 

Massachusetts 6,828.60 

Michigan 9,172.64 

Minnesota 9,904.10 

Mississippi 364.08 

Missouri 5,933.23 

Montana 2,406.56 

Nebraska 2,873.05 

Nevada 381.10 



Texas 1,781.13 

Utah 1,857.07 

Vermont 607.10 

Virginia 1,897.52 

Washington 10,021.98 

West Virginia 2,922.71 

Wisconsin 11,674.75 

Wyoming 654.45 

Alaska 487.70 

Arizona 1,398.39 

Indian Territory 1,242.68 

New Mexico 1,227.35 

Oklahoma 2,279.10 

Foreign— Sundry 36,285.05 



Respectfully submitted, 
The McKinley National Memorial Association, 

Myron T. Herrick, Treasurer. 



Page aioetv-6ve 



THE 

NATIONS MEMORIAL 

TO 

WILLIAM MS KINLEY 



t./'l3 






LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



013 788 317 A 



